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      Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Patient with Coronavirus Disease, United States

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      Author(s): 1 , 1 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2 , 2 ,
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
      Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
      Keywords: coronavirus, viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, 2019 novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, respiratory infections, PCR, zoonoses, isolation, characterization, United States

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          Abstract

          The etiologic agent of an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in January 2020. A patient in the United States was given a diagnosis of infection with this virus by the state of Washington and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on January 20, 2020. We isolated virus from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens from this patient and characterized the viral sequence, replication properties, and cell culture tropism. We found that the virus replicates to high titer in Vero-CCL81 cells and Vero E6 cells in the absence of trypsin. We also deposited the virus into 2 virus repositories, making it broadly available to the public health and research communities. We hope that open access to this reagent will expedite development of medical countermeasures.

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          A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

          Na Zhu, Dingyu Zhang, Wenling Wang … (2020)
          Summary In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)
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            Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study

            Nanshan Chen, Min Zhou, Xuan Dong … (2022)
            Summary Background In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Methods In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Jan 1 to Jan 20, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Jan 25, 2020. Findings Of the 99 patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, 49 (49%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. The average age of the patients was 55·5 years (SD 13·1), including 67 men and 32 women. 2019-nCoV was detected in all patients by real-time RT-PCR. 50 (51%) patients had chronic diseases. Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (82 [83%] patients), cough (81 [82%] patients), shortness of breath (31 [31%] patients), muscle ache (11 [11%] patients), confusion (nine [9%] patients), headache (eight [8%] patients), sore throat (five [5%] patients), rhinorrhoea (four [4%] patients), chest pain (two [2%] patients), diarrhoea (two [2%] patients), and nausea and vomiting (one [1%] patient). According to imaging examination, 74 (75%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 14 (14%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity, and one (1%) patient had pneumothorax. 17 (17%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and, among them, 11 (11%) patients worsened in a short period of time and died of multiple organ failure. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection was of clustering onset, is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, and can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In general, characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the MuLBSTA score in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection. Funding National Key R&D Program of China.
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              Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

              Qun Li, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu … (2020)
              Abstract Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Results Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). Conclusions On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): June 2020
                Volume: 26
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 1266-1273
                Affiliations
                [1]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (J. Harcourt, A. Tamin, X. Lu, K. Queen, Y. Tao, C.R. Paden, Y. Li, C. Goldsmith, B. Whitaker, R. Gautam, S. Lindstrom, S. Tong, N.J. Thornburg);
                [2]Eagle Medical Services, Atlanta (S. Kamili, S.K. Sakthivel, J. Murray, B. Lynch);
                [3]IHRC, Atlanta (J. Zhang, H. Wang); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA (A. Uehara);
                [4]Synergy America, Inc., Atlanta (H.A. Bullock, L. Wang);
                [5]University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA (C. Schindewolf, K.G. Lokugamage, D. Mirchandani, S. Widen, K. Narayanan, S. Makino, T.G. Ksiazek, S.C. Weaver, V.D. Menachery);
                [6]World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Galveston (D. Scharton, J.A. Plante, T.G. Ksiazek, K.S. Plante, S.C. Weaver, V.D. Menachery)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Natalie J. Thornburg, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop H18-6, Atlanta GA 30329-4027, USA; email: nax3@ 123456cdc.gov
                Article
                Publisher ID: 20-0516
                DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.200516
                PMC ID: 7258473
                PubMed ID: 32160149
                SO-VID: fde43851-dcb8-4aad-8548-0a2a5e0a795e
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Expedited
                Subject: Research
                Subject: Research
                Subject: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Patient with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease, United States

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: coronavirus,viruses,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,sars-cov-2,2019 novel coronavirus disease,covid-19,respiratory infections,pcr,zoonoses,isolation,characterization,united states
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: coronavirus, viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, sars-cov-2, 2019 novel coronavirus disease, covid-19, respiratory infections, pcr, zoonoses, isolation, characterization, united states

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