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      MicroRNA as an Important Target for Anticancer Drug Development

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          Abstract

          Cancer has become the second greatest cause of death worldwide. Although there are several different classes of anticancer drugs that are available in clinic, some tough issues like side-effects and low efficacy still need to dissolve. Therefore, there remains an urgent need to discover and develop more effective anticancer drugs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation or reducing the stability of mRNA. An abnormal miRNA expression profile was found to exist widely in cancer cell, which induces limitless replicative potential and evading apoptosis. MiRNAs function as oncogenes (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressors during tumor development and progression. It was shown that regulation of specific miRNA alterations using miRNA mimics or antagomirs can normalize the gene regulatory network and signaling pathways, and reverse the phenotypes in cancer cells. The miRNA hence provides an attractive target for anticancer drug development. In this review, we will summarize the latest publications on the role of miRNA in anticancer therapeutics and briefly describe the relationship between abnormal miRNAs and tumorigenesis. The potential of miRNA-based therapeutics for anticancer treatment has been critically discussed. And the current strategies in designing miRNA targeting therapeutics are described in detail. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of miRNA-based therapy are conferred.

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          MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions.

          MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 23 nt RNAs that play important gene-regulatory roles in animals and plants by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their posttranscriptional repression. This review outlines the current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals and discusses the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes.
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            The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14

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              The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer

              MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that function in regulation of gene expression. Compelling evidences have demonstrated that miRNA expression is dysregulated in human cancer through various mechanisms, including amplification or deletion of miRNA genes, abnormal transcriptional control of miRNAs, dysregulated epigenetic changes and defects in the miRNA biogenesis machinery. MiRNAs may function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. The dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to affect the hallmarks of cancer, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, activating invasion and metastasis, and inducing angiogenesis. An increasing number of studies have identified miRNAs as potential biomarkers for human cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets or tools, which needs further investigation and validation. In this review, we focus on how miRNAs regulate the development of human tumors by acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Pharmacol
                Front Pharmacol
                Front. Pharmacol.
                Frontiers in Pharmacology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1663-9812
                25 August 2021
                2021
                : 12
                : 736323
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
                [ 2 ]Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
                [ 3 ]St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                Author notes

                Edited by: Sanjun Shi, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China

                Reviewed by: Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran

                Alfredo Garcia Venzor, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico

                Ping Sun, University of Pittsburgh, United States

                Saravanakumar Marimuthu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States

                Ipek Erdogan, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey

                *Correspondence: Kathy Ka-Wai Au-Yeung, KAuYeung@ 123456sbrc.ca ; Chen Shi, 219136909@ 123456qq.com

                This article was submitted to Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Drugs, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology

                Article
                736323
                10.3389/fphar.2021.736323
                8425594
                34512363
                fdf4e1ff-9a8b-4331-9b57-544697fd00a1
                Copyright © 2021 Fu, Wang, Li, Chen, Au-Yeung and Shi.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 05 July 2021
                : 10 August 2021
                Categories
                Pharmacology
                Review

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                microrna,anticancer therapeutics,drug target,mirna mimics,antagomirs,oncomirs,tumor suppressor mirnas

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