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      Tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus): histopathological and immunophenotypical analysis Translated title: Carcinoma túbulo-papilar da glândula mamária em lobo guará fêmea (Chrysocyon brachyurus): análise histopatológica e imunofenotípica

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          Abstract

          A maned female wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) showed nodules in the inguinal and left abdominal cranial mammary glands. The mammary gland was surgically excised, and microscopic analysis revealed epithelial cell proliferation in a tubular and papillary pattern; delicate fibrovascular stalks presenting numerous layers of moderately pleomorfic epithelial cells were observed. This histologic appearance was compatible with a diagnosis of mammary tubulopapillary carcinoma. The immunohistochemical profile revealed nuclear positivity for estrogen (70%) and progesterone (at least 90% of the neoplastic cells). The myoepithelium-associated with neoplastic cells lacked integrity, as evidenced by failed smooth muscle alpha actin reactivity in microinvasive areas. A low proliferation index was observed (3.4%). To the authors' knowledge, the present case represents the first finding of female tubulopapillary carcinoma in a mammary gland in this species.

          Translated abstract

          Um lobo guará fêmea (Chrysocyon brachyurus) apresentou nódulos nas mamas inguinal e abdominal cranial esquerda. As glândulas mamárias foram cirurgicamente excisadas, e na análise microscópica revelaram proliferação de células epiteliais em arranjo tubular e papilar com tecido conjuntivo de sustentação delicado e formação múltiplas camadas de células epiteliais moderadamente pleomórficas. Os achados histopatológicos foram compatíveis com carcinoma túbulo-papilar da glândula mamária. O estudo do perfil imuno-histoquímico mostrou positividade nuclear para estrógeno (70%) e progesterona (em pelo menos 90% das células). Observou-se perda da integridade da camada mioepitelial, adjacente a proliferação epitelial, evidenciada pela perda de reatividade para alfa actina de músculo liso em áreas de microinvasão. Índice de proliferação celular baixo foi observado (3,4%). O presente relato representa a primeira descrição de um carcinoma túbulo-papilar da glândula mamária em uma fêmea desta espécie.

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          American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Immunohistochemical Testing of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer

          Purpose.—To develop a guideline to improve the accuracy of immunohistochemical (IHC) estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) testing in breast cancer and the utility of these receptors as predictive markers. Methods.—The American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists convened an international Expert Panel that conducted a systematic review and evaluation of the literature in partnership with Cancer Care Ontario and developed recommendations for optimal IHC ER/PgR testing performance. Results.—Up to 20% of current IHC determinations of ER and PgR testing worldwide may be inaccurate (false negative or false positive). Most of the issues with testing have occurred because of variation in preanalytic variables, thresholds for positivity, and interpretation criteria. Recommendations.—The Panel recommends that ER and PgR status be determined on all invasive breast cancers and breast cancer recurrences. A testing algorithm that relies on accurate, reproducible assay performance is proposed. Elements to reliably reduce assay variation are specified. It is recommended that ER and PgR assays be considered positive if there are at least 1% positive tumor nuclei in the sample on testing in the presence of expected reactivity of internal (normal epithelial elements) and external controls. The absence of benefit from endocrine therapy for women with ER-negative invasive breast cancers has been confirmed in large overviews of randomized clinical trials.
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            A prospective analysis of immunohistochemically determined estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor expression and host and tumor factors as predictors of disease-free period in mammary tumors of the dog.

            The immunohistochemically determined estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PR) status, as well as recognized, well-accepted prognostic indicators and host factors were prospectively analyzed in 84 cases of primary canine mammary carcinoma for their effect on disease-free period (recurrence free, metastasis free, or combined) (DFP) after an observation period of 18 months. The presence of one or both receptors, as well as tumor size, lymph node status, histologic grading, intravascular growth, and necrosis, were of prognostic value for DFP. In multivariate analysis, only tumor size and histologic grading proved to be independent prognosticators. None of the host factors analyzed were of prognostic value for DFP. ERalpha, PR, or both were detected in 173 out of 228 tumors: 70 ERalpha and PR; 5 ERalpha only; 98 PR only. Statistically significant differences regarding the presence of one or both receptors were observed between benign and malignant tumors and between complex, mixed, and simple histologic subtypes of benign and malignant tumors. In the group of malignant tumors (n=155), the presence of one or both receptors was more frequent in tumors smaller than 3 cm, without lymph node metastasis, with tubulopapillary rather than solid patterns of growth among simple carcinomas, of histologic grades I and II, without both intravascular growth and necrosis, and with lymphocyte cell infiltrates. The most frequent groups of hormone receptors-positive tumors were the ERalpha-positive and PR-positive group among benign and the ERalpha-negative and PR-positive group among malignant tumors.
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              Comparison of steroid receptor expression in normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic canine and feline mammary tissues.

              Steroid receptor expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in neoplastic, hyperplastic/dysplastic, and normal mammary tissue samples removed from 68 queens and 47 bitches, using monoclonal antibodies against human oestrogen-alpha (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). Mammary lesions were classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and all animals with invasive carcinomas were clinically followed for 2 years. Stromal and/or lymphatic invasion and histological grading were also recorded. In both species, ER expression was significantly higher in healthy tissues, hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions, and benign tumours than in carcinomas. The loss of ER expression was more marked in feline than in canine carcinomas. In queens, PR expression increased in dysplastic lesions and "in situ" carcinomas and decreased in invasive carcinomas, even if parts of these tumours were still PR-positive. In bitches no significant variation in PR expression was observed between normal tissue, dysplasias, and benign neoplasms, but was significantly lower in carcinomas. In both species ER and PR expression in invasive carcinomas did not correlate either with histological parameters or overall survival time. This study demonstrates several differences in steroid hormone dependency between the two species. The percentage of PR-positive feline carcinomas suggests a possible role of progesterone in promoting early tumour cell growth in queens. The low percentage of ER-positive invasive carcinomas further demonstrated the aggressive phenotype and behaviour of feline mammary tumours.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abmvz
                Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
                Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
                Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil )
                0102-0935
                1678-4162
                December 2011
                : 63
                : 6
                : 1377-1381
                Affiliations
                [01] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas
                [02] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameZoológico - Fundação Zoobotânica
                Article
                S0102-09352011000600014 S0102-0935(11)06300600014
                fdf864f5-bd3d-4b0b-a244-a1b6f12b75eb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 September 2011
                : 20 July 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Veterinary Medicine

                carcinoma túbulo-papilar,glândula mamária,imuno-histoquímica,lobo guará fêmea,Chrysocyon brachyurus,tubulopapillary carcinoma,mammary gland,immunohistochemistry,female maned wolf

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