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      Anatomia foliar e potencial hídrico na tolerância de cultivares de café ao estresse hídrico Translated title: Leaf anatomy and water potential in the coffee cultivars tolerance to water stress

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          Abstract

          A cultura do café é de expressiva importância no mercado internacional, com uma produção anual de cerca de 120 milhões de sacas beneficiadas e no Brasil, é responsável pela geração de mais de dez milhões de empregos diretos e indiretos. O estresse hídrico é um fator ambiental que pode ser extremamente prejudicial para a cultura do café, sendo que a seleção de cultivares tolerantes é de grande importância, principalmente diante da expansão da cafeicultura brasileira para áreas consideradas marginais para o cultivo do café por estarem sujeitos à deficiência hídrica. Nesse trabalho foram avaliadas 15 cultivares de Coffea arabica quanto ao status hídrico e às características da estrutura interna das folhas, verificando quais dessas cultivares são potencialmente mais eficientes em tais condições. Dentre as cultivares estudadas destacam-se a Bourbon Amarelo e a Catimor como potencialmente mais eficientes em condições de estresse hídrico por possuírem: maior potencial hídrico, cutícula mais espessa, maior proporção de parênquima paliçádico, maior espessura da nervura central e maior densidade estomática em relação às demais variáveis. Dessa forma, as cultivares Bourbon Amarelo e Catimor são potencialmente mais eficientes na redução da transpiração, fotossíntese e translocação de fotossintatos em condições de estresse hídrico, sendo mais indicadas ao plantio em regiões sujeitas a maiores déficits hídricos em relação às demais cultivares estudadas.

          Translated abstract

          Coffee yield has a great importance to the international market with a 120 million 60-kilogram bags and in Brazil it produces 10 million of direct and indirect jobs. Water stress is one of the most important factors to the crop yield, and so, the selection of tolerant cultivars is of great importance in the places under water stress. In this work, 15 Coffea arabica cultivars were evaluated about the water status and leaf anatomy to indicate the most tolerant Cultivars under water stress. The Bourbon Amarelo and Catimor were the most efficient under water stress, because these varieties have thicker cuticle, more palicade parenchyma, bigger central bundle sheath, and higher stomatal density. So, these Cultivars can be more potentially more efficient to reduce the transpiratory rate, to improve the photosynthesis and photosynthates translocation under water stress, and these varieties can be more indicated under water stress against the other cultivars.

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          Drought tolerance is associated with rooting depth and stomatal control of water use in clones of Coffea canephora.

          Drought is a major environmental constraint affecting growth and production of Coffea canephora. Selection of C. canephora clones has been largely empirical as little is known about how clones respond physiologically to drought. Using clones previously shown to differ in drought tolerance, this study aimed to identify the extent of variation of water use and the mechanisms responsible, particularly those associated morphological traits. * Clones (14 and 120, drought-tolerant; 46 and 109A, drought-sensitive, based on their abilities to yield under drought) were grown in 120-L pots until they were 12-months old, when an irrigation and a drought treatment were applied; plants were droughted until the pressure potential (psi(x)) before dawn (pre-dawn) reached -3.0 MPa. Throughout the drought period, psi(x) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were measured. At the end of the experiment, carbon isotope ratio and parameters from pressure-volume curves were estimated. Morphological traits were also assessed. * With irrigation, plant hydraulic conductance (K(L)), midday psi(x) and total biomass were all greater in clones 109A and 120 than in the other clones. Root mass to leaf area ratio was larger in clone 109A than in the others, whereas rooting depth was greater in drought-tolerant than in drought-sensitive clones. Predawn psi(x) of -3.0 MPa was reached fastest by 109A, followed progressively by clones 46, 120 and 14. Decreases in g(s) with declining psi(x), or increasing evaporative demand, were similar for clones 14, 46, and 120, but lower in 109A. Carbon isotope ratio increased under drought; however, it was lower in 109A than in other clones. For all clones, psi(x), g(s) and K(L) recovered rapidly following re-watering. Differences in root depth, K(L) and stomatal control of water use, but not osmotic or elastic adjustments, largely explained the differences in relative tolerance to drought stress of clones 14 and 120 compared with clones 46 and 109A.
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            Plant and Microclimate

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              Alterações anatômicas e fisiológicas em Setaria anceps Stapf ex Massey e Paspalum paniculatum L. sob condições de déficit hídrico

              Ambas as espécies Setaria anceps (setária) e Paspalum paniculatum (paspalo) são tolerantes a condições de deficiência hídrica e inundação do solo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar alterações anatômicas, ecofisiológicas e metabólicas em folhas e raízes de setária e paspalo quando submetidas a condições de deficiência hídrica do solo. Aos onze dias de restrição hídrica, pouca variação foi observada na densidade e tamanho dos estômatos em setária, houve diminuição da espessura do limbo foliar, feixe vascular e córtex radicular e nas taxas de transpiração. O conteúdo de proteínas (P), açúcares solúveis totais (AST), açúcares redutores (AR) e amido decresceu em folhas e AST e amido, em raízes. Em paspalo, ocorreu variações no tamanho e densidade dos estômatos, redução no diâmetro do metaxilema e córtex radicular, aumento no tamanho de células buliformes e na concentração foliar de aminoácidos, AST, AR e amido.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rca
                Revista Ciência Agronômica
                Rev. Ciênc. Agron.
                Universidade Federal do Ceará (Fortaleza )
                1806-6690
                September 2010
                : 41
                : 3
                : 475-481
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [4 ] Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                Article
                S1806-66902010000300022
                10.1590/S1806-66902010000300022
                fe0a052a-8500-4d89-b7bf-ebc3d5432984

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1806-6690&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                Coffea Arabica,Anatomical plasticity,Water deficit,Coffea arábica,Plasticidade anatômica,Deficiência hídrica

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