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      Construct and factorial validity of Neurobehavioral Disorder associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE)

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          Abstract

          Background

          ND-PAE, as a condition needing further study, requires validation. Few studies have assessed the validity of ND-PAE with none using a prospective sample.

          Methods

          Fifty-eight children underwent multidisciplinary FASD assessments and were evaluated for ND-PAE using a prospective, clinical approach. Construct and factorial validity of ND-PAE were assessed, and associations between domains and symptoms described. Post hoc analysis assessed external validity of factors.

          Results

          ND-PAE demonstrated weak construct validity with variable convergence and divergence within and between symptoms. Factor analysis revealed one strong factor consisting of abilities associated with adaptive behavior and general cognitive ability. Relative contribution of symptoms and domains were variable.

          Conclusion

          This study provides an evidence-based approach to assessing ND-PAE symptoms and is a starting point to elucidating its neurobehavioral pattern.

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          Prevalence of Parent-Reported ADHD Diagnosis and Associated Treatment Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, 2016

          Melissa L. Danielson, Rebecca Bitsko, Reem Ghandour … (2018)
          The purpose of this study is to estimate the national prevalence of parent-reported attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and treatment among U.S. children 2–17 years of age using the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). The NSCH is a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of parents regarding their children’s health that underwent a redesign before the 2016 data collection. It included indicators of lifetime receipt of an ADHD diagnosis by a health care provider, whether the child currently had ADHD, and receipt of medication and behavioral treatment for ADHD. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated overall and by demographic and clinical subgroups ( n = 45,736). In 2016, an estimated 6.1 million U.S. children 2–17 years of age (9.4%) had ever received an ADHD diagnosis. Of these, 5.4 million currently had ADHD, which was 89.4% of children ever diagnosed with ADHD and 8.4% of all U.S. children 2–17 years of age. Of children with current ADHD, almost two thirds (62.0%) were taking medication and slightly less than half (46.7%) had received behavioral treatment for ADHD in the past year; nearly one fourth (23.0%) had received neither treatment. Similar to estimates from previous surveys, there is a large population of U.S. children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with ADHD by a health care provider. Many, but not all, of these children received treatment that appears to be consistent with professional guidelines, though the survey questions are limited in detail about specific treatment types received. The redesigned NSCH can be used to annually monitor diagnosis and treatment patterns for this highly prevalent and high-impact neurodevelopmental disorder.
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            Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Canadian guidelines for diagnosis.

            Albert Chudley, Julianne Conry, Jocelynn L. Cook … (2005)
            The diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is complex and guidelines are warranted. A subcommittee of the Public Health Agency of Canada's National Advisory Committee on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder reviewed, analysed and integrated current approaches to diagnosis to reach agreement on a standard in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to review and clarify the use of current diagnostic systems and make recommendations on their application for diagnosis of FASD-related disabilities in people of all ages. The guidelines are based on widespread consultation of expert practitioners and partners in the field. The guidelines have been organized into 7 categories: screening and referral; the physical examination and differential diagnosis; the neurobehavioural assessment; and treatment and follow-up; maternal alcohol history in pregnancy; diagnostic criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial FAS and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder; and harmonization of Institute of Medicine and 4-Digit Diagnostic Code approaches. The diagnosis requires a comprehensive history and physical and neurobehavioural assessments; a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. These are the first Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis of FAS and its related disabilities, developed by broad-based consultation among experts in diagnosis.
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              Comorbidity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

              Svetlana Popova, Shannon Lange, Kevin David Shield … (2016)
              Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is related to many comorbidities because of the permanent effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the fetus. We aimed to identify the comorbid conditions that co-occur in individuals with FASD and estimate the pooled prevalence of comorbid conditions occurring in individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
              Article 0 comments Cited 145 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                James Ladell Sanders: james.sanders@uleth.ca
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Psychol
                Title: BMC Psychology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2050-7283
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 May 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 27 May 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 53
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.47609.3c, ISNI 0000 0000 9471 0214, Faculty of Health Sciences, , University of Lethbridge, ; 4401 University Dr W, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
                Article
                Publisher ID: 405
                DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00405-5
                PMC ID: 7251837
                PubMed ID: 32460861
                SO-VID: fe1a4994-b672-4617-90c4-61e7f70687e9
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 26 September 2019
                Date accepted : 12 April 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2020

                Keywords: neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (nd-pae),fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (fasd),dsm-5,prenatal alcohol exposure,diagnosis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (nd-pae), fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (fasd), dsm-5, prenatal alcohol exposure, diagnosis

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