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      Trophic pathways supporting juvenile Chinook and coho salmon in the glacial Susitna River, Alaska: patterns of freshwater, marine, and terrestrial food resource use across a seasonally dynamic habitat mosaic

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          Abstract

          Contributions of terrestrial-, freshwater-, and marine-derived prey resources to stream fishes vary over time and space, altering the energy pathways that regulate production. In this study, we determined large-scale use of these resources by juvenile Chinook and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Oncorhynchus kisutch, respectively) in the glacial Susitna River, Alaska. We resolved spatial and temporal trophic patterns among multiple macrohabitat types along a 97 km segment of the river corridor via stable isotope and stomach content analyses. Juvenile salmon were supported primarily by freshwater-derived resources and secondarily by marine and terrestrial sources. The relative contribution of marine-derived prey to rearing salmon was greatest in the fall within off-channel macrohabitats, whereas the contributions of terrestrial invertebrate prey were generally greatest during midsummer, across all macrohabitats. No longitudinal (upstream–downstream) diet pattern was discernable. These results highlight large-scale spatial and seasonal patterns of energy flow and the dynamic interplay of pulsed marine and terrestrial prey subsidies to juvenile Chinook and coho salmon in a large, complex, and relatively pristine glacial river.

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          Source Partitioning Using Stable Isotopes: Coping with Too Much Variation

          Background Stable isotope analysis is increasingly being utilised across broad areas of ecology and biology. Key to much of this work is the use of mixing models to estimate the proportion of sources contributing to a mixture such as in diet estimation. Methodology By accurately reflecting natural variation and uncertainty to generate robust probability estimates of source proportions, the application of Bayesian methods to stable isotope mixing models promises to enable researchers to address an array of new questions, and approach current questions with greater insight and honesty. Conclusions We outline a framework that builds on recently published Bayesian isotopic mixing models and present a new open source R package, SIAR. The formulation in R will allow for continued and rapid development of this core model into an all-encompassing single analysis suite for stable isotope research.
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            Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur

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              Acid fumigation of soils to remove carbonates prior to total organic carbon or CARBON-13 isotopic analysis

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
                Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
                Canadian Science Publishing
                0706-652X
                1205-7533
                November 2016
                November 2016
                : 73
                : 11
                : 1626-1641
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biology and Wildlife, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, U.S.A.
                [2 ]U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, U.S.A.
                [3 ]Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, U.S.A.
                [4 ]R2 Resource Consultants, Inc., Redmond, WA 98052, U.S.A.
                [5 ]U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO 80526, U.S.A.
                Article
                10.1139/cjfas-2015-0555
                fe390512-c243-43a2-bd01-a2d3536c96e7
                © 2016

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