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      Chemistry and mineralogy of outcrops at Meridiani Planum

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          Thermal and albedo mapping of Mars during the Viking primary mission

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            In situ evidence for an ancient aqueous environment at Meridiani Planum, Mars.

            Sedimentary rocks at Eagle crater in Meridiani Planum are composed of fine-grained siliciclastic materials derived from weathering of basaltic rocks, sulfate minerals (including magnesium sulfate and jarosite) that constitute several tens of percent of the rock by weight, and hematite. Cross-stratification observed in rock outcrops indicates eolian and aqueous transport. Diagenetic features include hematite-rich concretions and crystal-mold vugs. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments with a complex diagenetic history. The environmental conditions that they record include episodic inundation by shallow surface water, evaporation, and desiccation. The geologic record at Meridiani Planum suggests that conditions were suitable for biological activity for a period of time in martian history.
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              Mars surface diversity as revealed by the OMEGA/Mars Express observations.

              The Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces, et l'Activité (OMEGA) investigation, on board the European Space Agency Mars Express mission, is mapping the surface composition of Mars at a 0.3- to 5-kilometer resolution by means of visible-near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imagery. The data acquired during the first 9 months of the mission already reveal a diverse and complex surface mineralogy, offering key insights into the evolution of Mars. OMEGA has identified and mapped mafic iron-bearing silicates of both the northern and southern crust, localized concentrations of hydrated phyllosilicates and sulfates but no carbonates, and ices and frosts with a water-ice composition of the north polar perennial cap, as for the south cap, covered by a thin carbon dioxide-ice veneer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Earth and Planetary Science Letters
                Earth and Planetary Science Letters
                Elsevier BV
                0012821X
                November 2005
                November 2005
                : 240
                : 1
                : 73-94
                Article
                10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.040
                fe4bf3b4-c28e-4ad6-a955-3305ee6bfe8f
                © 2005

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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