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      First record of Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii in Slovakia Translated title: Première mention de Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii en Slovaquie

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      Author(s): 1 , * , 1 , 2 , 1
      Publication date (Electronic, collection):
      Publication date (Electronic, pub):
      Journal: Parasite
      Publisher: EDP Sciences
      Keywords: Sand fly, Phlebotomus mascittii, Slovakia, Transphlebotomus, Northern limit

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          Abstract

          A large-scale entomological survey was carried out in summer 2016 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It revealed, for the first time, the presence of the phlebotomine sand fly Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908 (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in south-western Slovakia. Species identification of a captured female was confirmed by both morphological and sequencing (COI) analyses.

          Translated abstract

          Une enquête entomologique à grande échelle a été réalisée durant l'été 2016 en République Tchèque et en Slovaquie. Elle a révélé, pour la première fois, la présence de Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908 (Diptera : Phlebotominae) dans le sud-ouest de la Slovaquie. Une femelle a été capturée et son identification repose sur des caractères morphologiques et moléculaires (COI).

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          Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern.

          M Maroli, M. D. Feliciangeli, L Bichaud … (2013)
          Phlebotomine sandflies transmit pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. We review the roles of phlebotomines in the spreading of leishmaniases, sandfly fever, summer meningitis, vesicular stomatitis, Chandipura virus encephalitis and Carrión's disease. Among over 800 species of sandfly recorded, 98 are proven or suspected vectors of human leishmaniases; these include 42 Phlebotomus species in the Old World and 56 Lutzomyia species in the New World (all: Diptera: Psychodidae). Based on incrimination criteria, we provide an updated list of proven or suspected vector species by endemic country where data are available. Increases in sandfly diffusion and density resulting from increases in breeding sites and blood sources, and the interruption of vector control activities contribute to the spreading of leishmaniasis in the settings of human migration, deforestation, urbanization and conflict. In addition, climatic changes can be expected to affect the density and dispersion of sandflies. Phlebovirus infections and diseases are present in large areas of the Old World, especially in the Mediterranean subregion, in which virus diversity has proven to be higher than initially suspected. Vesiculovirus diseases are important to livestock and humans in the southeastern U.S.A. and Latin America, and represent emerging human threats in parts of India. Carrión's disease, formerly restricted to regions of elevated altitude in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, has shown recent expansion to non-endemic areas of the Amazon basin. © 2012 The Authors. Medical and Veterinary Entomology © 2012 The Royal Entomological Society.
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            Sandflies and leishmaniasis in Germany.

            Torsten Naucke, B Menn, S Lorentz … (2008)
            This study has provided evidence for the natural occurrence of sandflies in Germany. Two species belonging to the genus Phlebotomus were detected. Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perniciosus, a proven vector of leishmaniasis, was found in association with an autochthonous case of canine leishmaniasis near Kaiserslautern. Two hundred thirty-seven specimens of Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii were caught in 17 different locations in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. The northernmost finding in Germany (and Europe) was near Cochem (Moselle). P. mascittii has not yet been confirmed as a vector of leishmaniasis, but its competence is strongly suspected. In addition to the detection of the vector, since 1991, there have been 11 cases of leishmaniasis in Germany in which an autochthonous origin was confirmed or which were highly likely to have been of indigenous origin. Data from the German meteorological service indicate that Germany currently has a Mediterranean climate, with an annual average temperature of 10 degrees C being reached or exceeded in several regions. This type of climate is also appropriate for the living conditions of sandflies. Therefore, it is assumed that sandflies have a greater geographical distribution in Germany than the first studies suggested, being mainly restricted to the southern region of Baden-Wuerttemberg. The risk of an autochthonous canine infection occurring in Germany is very low. The rapidly increasing number of imported cases of leishmaniasis in dogs means that special attention must be focused on veterinary advice to dog owners about prophylaxis. The results indicate that the use of repellents and preventive behavioural measures is vital.
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              A summary of the evidence for the change in European distribution of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of public health importance.

              Jolyon Medlock, Wim Bortel, Herve Zeller … (2014)
              The phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are vectors of several infectious pathogens. The presence of a sand fly vector is considered to be a risk factor for the emergence of leishmaniasis in temperate Europe. Hence, the occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies and any changes in their distribution is important in determining the potential change in distribution of leishmaniasis in Europe. Therefore, published evidence for a changing distribution of the important phlebotomine sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis and phlebovirus infection in Europe is reviewed. This paper presents evidence of an increasing risk of establishment by sand fly species, especially for the Atlantic Coast and inland parts of Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. In addition to detection in potentially appropriate areas, the findings show areas of potential future establishment of the species. The most important and urgent necessity within the community of entomologists working on phlebotomines is the need to record the extremes of distribution of each species and obtain data on their regional presence/absence along with increased sharing of the data throughout European projects. © 2014 The Society for Vector Ecology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Parasite
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Parasite
                Journal ID (publisher-id): parasite
                Title: Parasite
                Publisher: EDP Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1252-607X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1776-1042
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2016
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 16 November 2016
                Volume: 23
                Issue: ( publisher-idID: parasite/2016/01 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: 48
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Charles University Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology Vinicna 7, Prague 2 12844 Czech Republic
                [2 ] University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Parasitology Komenskeho 73 Kosice 04181 Slovakia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: vidvorak@ 123456natur.cuni.cz
                Article
                Publisher ID: parasite160087 Other ID: 10.1051/parasite/2016061
                DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016061
                PMC ID: 5112768
                PubMed ID: 27849514
                SO-VID: fe6a390f-b708-4d25-8816-9597799b205e
                Copyright © © V. Dvorak et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2016
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 13 October 2016
                Date accepted : 02 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Subject: Short Note

                Keywords: sand fly,phlebotomus mascittii,slovakia,transphlebotomus,northern limit
                Data availability:
                Keywords: sand fly, phlebotomus mascittii, slovakia, transphlebotomus, northern limit

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