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      ¿Cómo se articulan los aspectos éticos con la formación clínica de los futuros odontólogos en Chile? Una pregunta crucial Translated title: How are ethical aspects articulated with the clinical training of future dentists in Chile? An imperative question

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          Abstract

          Introducción. En Chile, existe un elevado número de odontólogos, pero pocos trabajan en el sector público, donde se atiende el 80% de la población, que presenta un mayor daño por caries. Falta mayor justicia social. El trabajo precario en el sector privado puede generar problemas éticos y de comunicación con el paciente. Es relevante formar a profesionales de excelencia con elevada formación ética. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar si la formación clínica está acompañada de una adecuada formación ética. Materiales y métodos. Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y de tipo transversal. Se identificó la proporción entre la ética y las competencias clínicas procedimentales en los objetivos de aprendizaje y contenidos, de los programas durante 4.o y 5.o años, en las áreas de adultos, niños y cirugía; además, si se contemplaba algún curso de ética en el currículo. Se invitó a todas las universidades que imparten odontología en Chile. Resultados. De las seis que aceptaron participar, cuatro presentaron aspectos éticos en sus objetivos de aprendizaje o contenidos, desde un 3,8% a un 12,5% en objetivos de aprendizaje y desde un 12,5 hasta un 20% en contenidos, sin correlación entre ambos aspectos evaluados. Dos no presentan ningún aspecto ético en sus programas. Una no presenta curso específico de ética. Conclusión. Existe una gran desproporción entre la formación de ética y clínica procedimental en 4.o y 5.o cursos en las universidades participantes. La formación en ética favorece la formación de odontólogos con la estatura moral que la población merece. Se requiere avanzar en investigación odontológica en esta área.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction. Of the many dentists in Chile, just a few works at the public health sector. 80% of the population is assisted by it and constitute the percentage which presents an elevated caries index. An issue of social justice. On the other hand, the precarious labor conditions in the private sector put professionals in ethical dilemmas, and communication issues with the patients. These issues demand highest ethical standards. This research has the purpose of identifying if the clinical teaching is followed by adequate ethics education. Materials and methods. This was an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Verifying the existence or not of ethics in the curricula, it identified the proportion between ethics and clinical competences in the learning objectives and programs' contents of the 4th and 5th years of schooling, among adults, children and in the surgery areas. All Chilean Dental Schools were invited to participate in the research. Results. Six Dental Schools participated. Four of them have a few ethical topics within their learning objectives or contents. The proportion goes from 3,8% to 12,5% at learning objectives and from 12,5 to 20% at subjects, without correlation with both parameters. Two do not contemplate ethic topics. One does not contemplate a course in ethics. Conclusion. There is a considerable gap between ethics and clinical teaching among the participant Dental Schools. Yet, ethics education promotes dental education at a high standard, as the population deserves. It is necessary to improve dental research in this critical field.

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          Most cited references36

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          Profile and competences for the graduating European dentist - update 2009.

          This paper presents the profile and competences for the European Dentist as approved by the General Assembly of the Association for Dental Education in Europe at its annual meeting held in Helsinki in August 2009. A new taskforce was convened to update the previous document published in 2005. The updated document was then sent to all European Dental Schools, ministries of health, national dental associations and dental specialty associations or societies in Europe. The feedback received was used to improve the document. European dental schools are expected to adhere to the profile and the 17 major competences but the supporting competences may vary in detail between schools. The document will be reviewed once again in 5 years time. Feedback to the newly published document is welcomed and all dental educators are encouraged to draw upon the content of the paper to assist them in harmonising the curriculum throughout Europe with the aim of improving the quality of the dental curriculum. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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            Children's active participation in decision‐making processes during hospitalisation: An observational study

            Abstract Aims and objectives The aim was to explore and describe the child's active participation in daily healthcare practice at children's hospital units in Sweden. Objectives (a) Identify everyday situations in medical and nursing care that illustrate children's active participation in decision‐making, (b) identify various ways of active participation, actual and optimal in situations involving decision‐making and (c) explore factors in nursing and medical care that influence children's active participation in decision‐making. Background Despite active participation being a fundamental right for children, they are not always involved in decision‐making processes during their health care. There still remains uncertainty on how to support children to actively participate in decisions concerning their health care. Design A qualitative study with overt, nonparticipant observations fulfilling the COREQ checklist criteria. Methods Observations of interactions between children aged 2 and 17 years with both acute and chronic conditions, their parents, and healthcare professionals were conducted at three paediatric hospitals in Sweden. The Scale of Degrees of Self Determination was used to grade identified situations. The scale describes five levels of active participation, with level one being the least and level five being the most active level of participation. Normative judgements were also made. Results Children's active participation was assessed as being generally at levels four and five. Children demonstrated both verbal and nonverbal ways of communication during decision‐making. Findings indicated that children's, parents' and healthcare professional's actions influenced children's active participation in decision‐making processes involving healthcare. Conclusions Healthcare professionals specialised in paediatrics need to embrace both a child perspective and a child's perspective, plan care incorporating key elements of a child‐centred care approach, to ensure children's active participation at a level of their choosing. Relevance to clinical practice There is a need for awareness creation to help healthcare professionals facilitate children's active participation in their care and decision‐making.
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              La universidad como espacio de aprendizaje ético

              El texto que presentamos está estructurado en dos partes. La primera trata de las funciones que se le atribuyen en nuestros días a la universidad, y que emergen de los debates cada vez más frecuentes en torno al tema; entre ellas destacamos las que a nuestro juicio nos parecen más importantes y que deberían abordarse con prontitud. En la segunda parte subrayamos la necesidad de elaborar una propuesta de formación en valores éticos para la educación superior en sociedades plurales, orientada a la creación de una ciudadanía interesada en profundizar los estilos de vida basados en valores democráticos y en construir una sociedad más equitativa. En ella planteamos un modelo de aprendizaje ético que tanto en su dimensión teórica como práctica, pretende dar respuestas y ofrecer pautas para la formación en valores en el mundo universitario. 
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fem
                FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica
                FEM (Ed. impresa)
                Fundación Educación Médica y Viguera Editores, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                2014-9832
                2014-9840
                2022
                : 25
                : 2
                : 63-71
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago orgnameUniversidad Pontificia de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Comunicaciones Chile
                Article
                S2014-98322022000200003 S2014-9832(22)02500200003
                10.33588/fem.252.1179
                fe7b2510-cd53-4153-8269-6ecf760ff7d4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 March 2022
                : 17 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Educación superior,Ethics,Education,Dentistry,Curriculum,Bioethics,Salud oral,Odontología,Ética,Currículo,Bioética,Oral health

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