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      Moscas ectoparásitas de murciélagos (Diptera: Streblidae y Nycteribiidae) del valle de Uxpanapa, Veracruz, México Translated title: Ectoparasite bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) from Uxpanapa Valley, Veracruz, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen Se estudió la diversidad de moscas ectoparásitas de murciélagos (Streblidae y Nycteribiidae) de la región del valle de Uxpanapa en el sur de Veracruz, México. Capturamos murciélagos del 2010 al 2012 en una selva alta perennifolia, un acahual, plantaciones de hule y en cuevas. Se revisaron 378 murciélagos pertenecientes a 26 especies de las familias Natalidae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae y Vespertilionidae, de los cuales 251 se encontraron parasitados. Se recolectaron 616 ejemplares pertenecientes a 32 especies moscas. Se obtuvieron 4 nuevos registros de especies para México: Mastoptera minuta Costa Lima, Trichobius flagellatus Wenzel, Strebla chrotopteri Wenzel (Streblidae) y Basilia ortizi Machado-Allison (Nycteribiidae). También se amplía la distribución en el país para Megistopoda aranea Coquillett, Paratrichobius lowei Wenzel, Speiseria ambigua Kessel, T. costalimai Guimarães, T. dugesioides Wenzel, T. galei Wenzel, T. hirsutulus Bequaert, T. uniformis Curran, S. alvarezi Wenzel, S. guajiro Garcia y Casal, S. hertigi Wenzel, S. kohlsi Wenzel y S. wiedemanni Kolenati. Estos registros actualizan la diversidad de Streblidae a 16 géneros y 59 especies en México, de las cuales 41 (69.5%) se encuentran en el estado de Veracruz y se incrementa a 8 el número de especies de Nycteribiidae registrados para el país, 3 de las cuales fueron reportadas para Veracruz.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The diversity of parasitic bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) from the Uxpanapa Valley in southern Veracruz, Mexico was studied. We captured bats from 2010 to 2012 in evergreen and secondary forests, as well as in rubber plantations and caves. A total of 251 out of 378 captured bats were examined. Twenty-six bat species belonging to the families Natalidae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae were found parasitized, and 616 bat flies species from 32 species were collected. Four of the reported bat fly species represent new records for the country: Mastoptera minuta Costa Lima, Trichobius flagellatus Wenzel, Strebla chrotopteri Wenzel (Streblidae) and Basilia ortizi Machado-Allison (Nycteribiidae). Our records expand the geographic distribution for the country for Megistopoda aranea Coquillett, Paratrichobius lowei Wenzel, Speiseria ambigua Kessel, T. costalimai Guimarães, T. dugesioides Wenzel, T. galei Wenzel, T. hirsutulus Bequaert, T. uniformis Curran, S. alvarezi Wenzel, S. guajiro Garcia y Casal, S. hertigi Wenzel, S. kohlsi Wenzel, and S. wiedemanni Kolenati. These records increase the number of streblid taxa in Mexico to 16 genera and 59 species, 41 of which (69.5%) are reported for the state of Veracruz. Also, the number of Nycteribiidae species reported for Mexico increases to 8, 3 of which were reported for Veracruz.

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          Against all odds: explaining high host specificity in dispersal-prone parasites.

          Host specificity gauges the degree to which a parasite occurs in association with a single host species. The measure is indicative of properties of the host and parasite, as well as their ecological and co-evolutionary relationships. Host specificity is influenced by the behavior and ecology of both parasite and host. Where parasites are active, vagile and coupled with hosts whose behavior and ecology brings the parasite into contact with many potential hosts, the likelihood of host switching is increased, usually leading to lowered specificity. Bat flies are specialized, blood-feeding ectoparasites of bats worldwide. In the bat fly - bat system, numerous properties interrupt the linkage of parasite to host and should decrease specificity. For bat flies these include high levels of activity, proclivity to abandon a disturbed host, the ability to fly, and a life-history strategy that includes a pupal stage decoupled from the host. For bats these include rapid, frequent and wide-ranging flight, high species richness encouraging inter-specific encounters during foraging, roosting and reproductive events, the utilization of large, durable roosting structures that are often shared with other bat species, and utilization of common entrance/exit flyways. The biological and ecological characteristics of bats and flies should together facilitate interspecific host transfers and, over time, lead to non-specific host-parasite associations. Large surveys of Neotropical mammals and parasites, designed to eliminate artifactual host-to-host parasite transfers, unequivocally demonstrate the high host specificity of bat flies. High degrees of specificity are remarkable in light of myriad host and parasite characteristics that ought to break down such specificity. Although host-specific parasites often have limited dispersal capability, this is not the case for some groups, including active, mobile bat flies. Host specificity in parasites with high dispersal capability is likely related to adaptive constraints. Among these may be a reproductive filter selecting for specificity based on mate availability, and co-evolved immunocompatibility where parasites use the same or similar immune-signaling molecules as their hosts to avoid immunological surveillance and response.
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            Catálogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murciélagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. V. Trichobiinae con alas reducidas o ausentes y miscelaneos.

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              A faunal survey of streblid flies (Diptera: Streblidae) associated with bats in Paraguay.

              An extensive survey of the ectoparasites infesting bats in Paraguay provides information regarding the taxonomy and host distribution of streblid bat flies at a geographic interface between subtropical and temperate habitats. Five families of bats representing 45 species, including Molossidae (5 genera and 15 species), Natalidae (1 genus and 1 species), Phyllostomidae (11 genera and 15 species), Noctilionidae (1 genus and 2 species), and Vespertilionidae (4 genera and 12 species) were collected from 24 localities across Paraguay and sampled for ectoparasites. In total, 2,467 bat flies were collected, representing 11 genera and 31 nominal species of Streblidae, of which 6 genera and 24 species are new records for Paraguay. No streblids were collected from vespertilionid bats; 23 species infested phyllostomids, 6 species noctilionids, 1 species a natalid, and 1 species molossids. Streblid bat flies were highly specific to certain host groups and individual host species, and their geographic distributions closely followed those of their host bats. Of 31 streblid species surveyed, 27 were monoxenous (i.e., associated with a single host species), and 4 were stenoxenous (i.e., associated with a group of phylogenetically related hosts). The number of streblid species is greatly reduced in the Chaco region west of the Paraguay River, largely because of the lack of phyllostomid host bats.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmbiodiv
                Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
                Rev. Mex. Biodiv.
                Instituto de Biología (México, DF, Mexico )
                1870-3453
                2007-8706
                2018
                : 89
                : 4
                : 1074-1088
                Affiliations
                [1] Mérida Yucatán orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Yucatán orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi" Mexico
                [3] Tuxpan orgnameUniversidad Veracruzana orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias orgdiv2Laboratorio de Vertebrados Terrestres Mexico
                [2] Xalapa orgnameUniversidad Veracruzana orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales Mexico
                Article
                S1870-34532018000501074
                10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.4.2686
                fe81f40d-1726-40e4-9ebf-d342ec161265

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 April 2018
                : 29 June 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Taxonomía y sistemática

                Diversidad,Moscas ectoparásitas,Nycteribiidae,Streblidae,Veracruz,Diversity,Ectoparasitic flies

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