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      Comparison of parasite diversity of intertidal fish assemblages from central California and central Chile Translated title: Comparación de la diversidad parasitaria de ensambles de peces intermareales de las costas de California y Chile central

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          Abstract

          The coasts of central Chile and central California are important points of comparison in the study of ecological convergence such as a host's parasite load because of their similar environmental conditions and the shared presence of many families of different species. In this study, the diversity of parasites in fish species from both zones was analyzed and compared to establish if there are similarities between them. The presence of 6 taxonomic groups of parasites was determined using published literature and databases for each location. A presence-absence matrix was created for the fish species studied in Chile and California, and a similarity analysis was carried out to prove whether the parasite loads of both zones were similar. The parasite taxa most frequently found in fish in central California were Digenea and Nematoda, whereas in central Chile the common taxa were Digenea, Annelida, Copepoda, Acanthocephala, and Nematoda. The similarity analysis showed that the parasite composition was different between zones. Nevertheless, overlaps were obtained in the parasitic diversity grouping the host in 3 host groups, one of which consists of hosts from both zones. This difference can be explained by the low parasitic diversity in the assemble of rocky intertidal fishes in California, potentially due to the limited amount of existing studies on intertidal fish parasites in California, along with other possible factors not explored in the present study.

          Translated abstract

          Las costas de Chile y California central representan importantes puntos de comparación para el estudio de convergencias ecológicas como la composición de parásitos en distintos hospederos. Ambas costas presentan similares condiciones ambientales junto con compartir muchas familias de distintas especies. Se analizó la diversidad parasitaria de especies de peces de ambas zonas comparando si existe similitud entre estas faunas, además se determinó la presencia de 6 grupos taxonómicos de parásitos a través de la literatura y en bases de datos para cada zona (Chile y California). Se creó una matriz de presencia ausencia para las especies de peces estudiadas de ambas zonas y se realizó un análisis de similitud para probar si la composición parasitaria era similar. Los taxones de parásitos mayormente encontrados en peces de California Central correspondieron a digeneos y nemátodos mientras que en Chile central se encontró una mayor diversidad (Digenea, Annelida, Copepoda, Acanthocephala y Nematoda). El análisis de similitud mostró que las comunidades parasitarias entre Chile y California son diferentes significativamente, sin embargo, se obtuvieron sobreposiciones en la diversidad parasitaria agrupándose los hospedadores en 3 grupos, uno de los cuales estuvo conformado por hospedadores de ambas zonas. Esta diferencia puede ser explicada por la reducida diversidad de parásitos en el ensamble de peces del intermareal rocoso en California, tal vez debido a los escasos estudios existentes sobre parásitos de peces intermareales en California, junto con posibles factores no estudiados hasta el momento.

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          Most cited references57

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          Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?

          Historically, the role of parasites in ecosystem functioning has been considered trivial because a cursory examination reveals that their relative biomass is low compared with that of other trophic groups. However there is increasing evidence that parasite-mediated effects could be significant: they shape host population dynamics, alter interspecific competition, influence energy flow and appear to be important drivers of biodiversity. Indeed they influence a range of ecosystem functions and have a major effect on the structure of some food webs. Here, we consider the bottom-up and top-down processes of how parasitism influences ecosystem functioning and show that there is evidence that parasites are important for biodiversity and production; thus, we consider a healthy system to be one that is rich in parasite species.
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            The Diversity of Parasites

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              WHEN DOES MORPHOLOGY MATTER?

              M Koehl (1996)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                revbiolmar
                Revista de biología marina y oceanografía
                Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.
                Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (Valparaíso, , Chile )
                0718-1957
                December 2017
                : 52
                : 3
                : 505-521
                Affiliations
                [01] Santiago orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas orgdiv2Departamento de Ecología Chile pojeda@ 123456bio.puc.cl
                [02] Concepción orgnameUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Departamento de Ecología Chile
                Article
                S0718-19572017000300008
                fe916827-8ff5-4434-ac79-666718e2ff4b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 September 2017
                : 05 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Intertidal fish,parasite diversity,parasites,convergent evolution,similitud,California,diversidad parasitaria,Peces intermareales,Chile,similarity,convergencia evolutiva,parásitos

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