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      Relación entre las características de la Composición Corporal y el Rendimiento Físico en atletas hombres de karate: Un estudio observacional Translated title: Relationship between Body Composition characteristics and Physical Performance in male karate athletes: An observational study

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre las características de la composición corporal y los componentes del rendimiento físico en atletas de karate hombres de Chile. Material y Métodos Diseño observacional con 18 atletas hombres que compiten habitualmente en diferentes categorías de edad en competiciones regionales y nacionales. Se evaluó la Masa Corporal (MC), la Masa Grasa (MG), % Masa Grasa (%MG), Masa Muscular (MM), el salto Squat Jump (SJ), el Countermovement Jump (CMJ), la velocidad lineal en 0-5 metros, el Cambio de Dirección (COD) y la prueba 20 Meters Shuttle Run (20MSR). Resultados La muestra presentó las siguientes características: 16,4 (3,5) años; 167,3 (7,3) cm; 69,5 (11,8) kg; 3 (1) años de experiencia. Entre los principales hallazgos de este estudio en términos de promedio se documentó un incremento de la MC y la MM a medida que avanza la edad. La MG fluctuó y se documentó una menor MG y %MG en la categoría 16-17 años. En términos del rendimiento físico (RF) en SJ, CMJ, COD, se observó un rendimiento superior en la categoría 16-17 años. Además, se documentaron relaciones significativas (p<0,05) entre la MG y SJ (r=-0,49), CMJ (r=-0,55) y 10-M (r=0,53). Así también entre el %MG y SJ (r=-0,61), CMJ (r=-0,64). En tanto relaciones moderadas a bajas se documentaron entre la MM y las variables analizadas. Conclusiones Los datos del presente estudio muestran que la masa grasa y el % de masa grasa se relacionan más que la masa muscular y la masa corporal con el rendimiento físico en atletas de karate. Los técnicos podrían considerar estrategias para disminuir la masa grasa y mantener la masa muscular para optimizar el rendimiento en atletas de karate.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition characteristics and components of physical performance in male karate athletes from Chile. Material and Methods Observational design with 18 male athletes competing in different age categories in regional and national competitions. Body Mass (MC), Fat Mass (MG), % Fat Mass (%MG), Muscle Mass (MM), Squat Jump (SJ), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), linear speed at 0-5 meters, Change of Direction (COD) and the 20 Meters Shuttle Run (20MSR) test were evaluated. Results The sample was made up of 18 athletes with the following characteristics: 16.4 (3.5) years; 167.3 (7.3) cm; 69.5 (11.8) kg; 3 (1) years of experience regularly. Among the main findings of this study in terms of average, an increase in MC and MM was documented as age advances. MG fluctuated and a lower MG and %MG were documented in the 6-17 years category. In terms of the physical performance (RF) in SJ, CMJ, COD, superior performance was observed in the 16-17 years category. Furthermore, significant relationships (p<0.05) were documented between MG and SJ (r=-0.49), CMJ (r=-0.55) and 10-M (r=0.53). So also between %MG and SJ (r=-0.61), CMJ (r=-0.64). As moderate to low relationships were documented between the MM and the variables analyzed. Conclusions The data from the present study show that fat mass and % fat mass will be related more than muscle mass and body mass with physical performance in youth karate athletes. Coaches may consider strategies to decrease fat mass and maintain muscle mass to optimize performance in karate athletes.

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          Physiological profiles of elite judo athletes.

          To be successful in international competitions, judo athletes must achieve an excellent level of physical fitness and physical condition during training. This article reviews the physiological profiles of elite judo athletes from different sex, age and weight categories. Body fat is generally low for these athletes, except for the heavyweight competitors. In general, elite judo athletes presented higher upper body anaerobic power and capacity than non-elite athletes. Lower body dynamic strength seems to provide a distinction between elite and recreational judo players, but not high-level judo players competing for a spot on national teams. Even maximal isometric strength is not a discriminant variable among judo players. However, more studies focusing on isometric strength endurance are warranted. Although aerobic power and capacity are considered relevant to judo performance, the available data do not present differences among judo athletes from different competitive levels. Typical maximal oxygen uptake values are around 50-55 mL/kg/min for male and 40-45 mL/kg/min for female judo athletes. As for other variables, heavyweight competitors presented lower aerobic power values. The typical differences commonly observed between males and females in the general population are also seen in judo athletes when analysing anaerobic power and capacity, aerobic power, and maximal strength and power. However, further research is needed concerning the differences among the seven weight categories in which judo athletes compete.
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            Reliability and Agreement of Various InBody Body Composition Analyzers as Compared to Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Healthy Men and Women

            Bioelectrical impedance analysis has evolved over the years to include the use of multiple frequencies and impedance measurements to improve the accuracy and reliability of body composition estimates. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the reliability of the InBody230, InBody720, and InBody770 to measure body fat percent (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) in the general population and to compare results to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
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              Physical and physiological profiles of taekwondo athletes.

              Taekwondo has evolved into a modern-day Olympic combat sport. The physical and physiological demands of modern-day taekwondo competition require athletes to be competent in several aspects of fitness. This review critically explores the physical and physiological characteristics of taekwondo athletes and presents implications for training and research. International taekwondo athletes possess low levels of body fat and a somatotype that characterises a blend of moderate musculoskeletal tissue and relative body linearity. While there is some variation in the maximum oxygen uptake of taekwondo athletes, moderate to high levels of cardio-respiratory fitness are necessary to support the metabolic demands of fighting and to facilitate recovery between consecutive matches. Taekwondo athletes demonstrate high peak anaerobic power characteristics of the lower limbs and this attribute appears to be conducive to achieving success in international competition. The ability to generate and sustain power output using both concentric and 'stretch-shortening cycle' muscle actions of the lower limbs may be important to support the technical and tactical actions in combat. Taekwondo competitors also display moderate to high maximum dynamic strength characteristics of the lower and upper extremities, and moderate endurance properties of the trunk and hip flexor musculature. The dynamic nature of the technical and tactical actions in the sport demand high flexibility of the lower limbs. More extensive research is required into the physical and physiological characteristics of taekwondo athletes to extend existing knowledge and to permit specialised conditioning for different populations within the sport.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                December 2020
                : 24
                : 4
                : 366-373
                Affiliations
                [3] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Santiago de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud Chile
                [2] Toledo orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte orgdiv2Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Deportivo Spain
                [1] Osorno Los Lagos orgnameUniversidad de Los Lagos orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación del Laboratorio de Desempeño Humano, Calidad de Vida y Bienestar Chile
                [4] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Santo Tomás orgdiv1Facultad de Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte Chile
                Article
                S2174-51452020000400008 S2174-5145(20)02400400008
                10.14306/renhyd.24.4.1074
                fea2605f-514a-49eb-a9a8-01be9d77b3a5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 May 2020
                : 19 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Músculos,Karate,Martial Arts,Athletic Performance,Exercise,Adipose Tissue,Muscles,Body Mass Index,Artes Marciales,Rendimiento Atlético,Ejercicio Físico,Tejido Adiposo,Índice de Masa Corporal

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