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      Diverse Economic Patterns in the North Baltic Sea Region in the Late Neolithic and Early Metal Periods

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          Abstract

          Over 120 prehistoric pottery sherds from mainland Finland and the Åland Islands in the north Baltic region were studied for their organic residue content. Preserved fat residues found in these vessels indicated that the food procurement pattern was broad during the Neolithic and Early Metal periods. Based on previous research and these results, it appears that animal husbandry came to Finland with the Corded Ware culture. Groups using the succeeding Late Neolithic Kiukainen Ware did not, however, practice animal husbandry to any great extent, as there is an indication of dairy fats in only a single sherd. In general, even after dairy farming arrived in the area, prehistoric groups in southern and south-western Finland continued or returned to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. During the Early Metal period, animal husbandry increased in importance among the groups living in the area, and the level of dairying then intensified.

          Abstract

          Cet article présente les résultats d'un e analyse des résidus organiques conservés dans plus de 120 tessons de céramique préhistorique provenant de la Finlande continentale et des îles d’Åland en Baltique du nord. Les résidus de matières grasses qui ont survécu dans ces récipients indiquent que l'approvisionnement en nourriture se faisait sur un large éventail pendant le Néolithique et au début des âges des métaux. Notre analyse ainsi que des études plus anciennes révèlent que l’élevage d'animaux domestiques gagna la Finlande avec la culture de la céramique cordée. Les communautés utilisant un type de céramique néolithique plus récente nommée céramique de Kiukainen n'ont cependant pas pratiqué l’élevage du bétail à grande échelle ; un seul tesson dans notre échantillon indique la présence de matières grasses provenant de produits laitiers. En gros, même après l'arrivée de l’élevage laitier dans la région, les groupes préhistoriques du sud et du sud-ouest de la Finlande ont continué à suivre (ou ont repris) un mode de vie de chasseurs-cueilleurs. L’élevage prit plus d'importance parmi les communautés de la région au début des âges des métaux et le niveau de la production laitière s'intensifia. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

          Abstract

          Die Ergebnisse einer Analyse von organischen Reststoffen, die in über 120 urgeschichtlichen Keramikscherben aus dem finnischen Festland und den Åland Inseln im nördlichen Ostseeraum erhalten blieben, werden in diesem Artikel besprochen. Die Fettreste in diesen Gefäßen weisen darauf hin, dass die Nahrungsbeschaffung im Neolithikum und am Anfang der Metallzeit auf einer breiten Basis beruhte. Unsere Untersuchungen und frühere Studien zeigen, dass die Viehwirtschaft zusammen mit der Schnurkeramikkultur Finnland erreichte. Die Gemeinschaften, welche die nachfolgende spätneolithische Kiukainen Keramik benutzten, haben die Tierhaltung aber nicht maßgeblich betrieben: Ein einziges Fragment unter den untersuchten Scherben enthielt Milchfett. Im Allgemeinen behielten die Gemeinschaften in Süd- und Südwestfinnland eine Jäger-und-Sammler-Wirtschaft oder nahmen sie wieder auf, auch nach der Einführung der Milchwirtschaft in der Region. Während der frühen Metallzeit gewann die Tierhaltung in den Gemeinschaften der Gegend an Bedeutung und das Ausmaß der Milchwirtschaft verstärkte sich in diesem Zeitabschnitt. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

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          IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP

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            Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program

            People usually study the chronologies of archaeological sites and geological sequences using many different kinds of evidence, taking into account calibrated radiocarbon dates, other dating methods and stratigraphic information. Many individual case studies demonstrate the value of using statistical methods to combine these different types of information. I have developed a computer program, OxCal, running under Windows 3.1 (for IBM PCs), that will perform both 14C calibration and calculate what extra information can be gained from stratigraphic evidence. The program can perform automatic wiggle matches and calculate probability distributions for samples in sequences and phases. The program is written in C++ and uses Bayesian statistics and Gibbs sampling for the calculations. The program is very easy to use, both for simple calibration and complex site analysis, and will produce graphical output from virtually any printer.
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              Development of the Radiocarbon Calibration Program

              This paper highlights some of the main developments to the radiocarbon calibration program, OxCal. In addition to many cosmetic changes, the latest version of OxCal uses some different algorithms for the treatment of multiple phases. The theoretical framework behind these is discussed and some model calculations demonstrated. Significant changes have also been made to the sampling algorithms used which improve the convergence of the Bayesian analysis. The convergence itself is also reported in a more comprehensive way so that problems can be traced to specific parts of the model. The use of convergence data, and other techniques for testing the implications of particular models, are described.
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                Author and article information

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                Journal
                European Journal of Archaeology
                Eur. j. archaeol
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                1461-9571
                1741-2722
                February 2020
                July 22 2019
                February 2020
                : 23
                : 1
                : 4-21
                Article
                10.1017/eaa.2019.39
                feb0efcd-36d2-483a-9104-55d855adbed7
                © 2020

                https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

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