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      Evaluation of blood transfusion effects on mixed venous oxygen saturation and lactate levels in patients with SIRS/sepsis Translated title: Avaliação dos efeitos da transfusão de sanguínea na saturação venosa mista e nos níveis de lactato em pacientes com SIRS/sepse

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          Abstract

          PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of red blood cell transfusion in patients with SIRS/sepsis who presented hemoglobin levels under 9.0 g/dL at intensive care unit admission, using two parameters of organ perfusion: mixed venous oxygen saturation and serum lactate levels. METHODS: All patients admitted to the intensive care unit with SIRS/sepsis, as defined by Consensus Conference in 1992, and hemoglobin levels under 9.0 g/dL were included. Hemoglobin levels, mixed venous oxygen saturation, and lactate levels were collected before red blood cell transfusion (pre-T) and up to 1 hour after transfusion (post-T). These variables were analyzed through a paired t test, and results were considered significant if P < .05. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (17 male, 12 female) with ages of 61.9 ± 15.1 (mean ± SD) years (range, 21-85 years) and a mean APACHE II score of 12.5 ± 3.75 (7-21) were transfused with a mean of 1.41 packed red cell units. A significant increase in hemoglobin levels was reached by blood transfusion, from 8.14 ± 0.64 g/dL (pre-T) to 9.4 ± 0.33 g/dL (post-T), with P <.001. However, this was not accompanied by a significant change in lactate levels, from 1.87 ± 1.22 mmol/l (pre-T) to 1.56 ± 0.28 mmol/l (post-T), with P =.28, or in mixed venous oxygen saturation, from 64.3 ± 8.52% (pre-T) to 67.4 ± 6.74% (post-T), with P = .13. The results were similar even in patients with hemoglobin levels under 8.0 g/dL (n = 9). These results suggest that red blood cell transfusions, in spite of leading to a significant increase in hemoglobin levels, are not associated with an improvement in tissue oxygenation in patients with SIRS/sepsis and hemoglobin levels < 9g/dL.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito da transfusão de hemáceas em pacientes com SIRS/sepse que apresentaram níveis de hemoglobina abaixo de 9,0g/dL durante internação em unidade de terapia intensiva, usando dois parâmetros de perfusão orgânica, a saturação venosa mista de oxigênio e os níveis de lactato sérico. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com SIRS/sepse, como definido pela Conferência de Consenso de 1992, e níveis de hemoglobina abaixo de 9,0g/dL foram incluídos. Os níveis de hemoglobina, saturação venosa mista de oxigênio e lactato sérico foram coletados antes (pré-T) e após uma hora da transfusão de hemáceas (pós-T). Essas variáveis foram analisadas através do teste T de Student pareado e os resultados considerados significativos se p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Vinte e nove pacientes (17 homens e 12 mulheres) com idade média de 61,9±15,1 anos (21-85anos) e índice APACHE II de 12.5±3.75 (7-21) foram transfundidos com uma média de 1,41 unidades de hemáceas. Um aumento significativo dos níveis de hemoglobina foi atingido com a transfusão: 8,14g/dL±0,64 (pré-T) e 9,4±0,33g/dL (pós-T), com p<0,0001. Entretanto, isso não foi acompanhado por mudança significativa dos níveis de lactato: 1,87±1,22mmol/l (pre-T) e 1,56±0,28mmol/k (pós-T), com p=0,28, ou da saturação venosa mista de oxigênio: 64,3±8,52% (pre-T) e 67,4±6,74% (pós-T), com p=0,13. Os resultados foram semelhantes mesmo nos pacientes com hemoglobina abaixo de 8,0g/dL. Todos os resultados estão expressos em média ± desvio padrão Esses resultados sugerem que transfusões de hemácias, apesar de levarem a aumento significativo dos níveis de hemoglobina, não estão associadas à melhora da oxigenação tecidual em pacientes com SIRS/sepse e hemoglobina abaixo de 9,0g/dL.

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          Most cited references24

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          American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis.

          (1992)
          To define the terms "sepsis" and "organ failure" in a precise manner. Review of the medical literature and the use of expert testimony at a consensus conference. American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) headquarters in Northbrook, IL. Leadership members of ACCP/Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). An ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference was held in August of 1991 with the goal of agreeing on a set of definitions that could be applied to patients with sepsis and its sequelae. New definitions were offered for some terms, while others were discarded. Broad definitions of sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome were proposed, along with detailed physiologic variables by which a patient could be categorized. Definitions for severe sepsis, septic shock, hypotension, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome were also offered. The use of severity scoring methods were recommended when dealing with septic patients as an adjunctive tool to assess mortality. Appropriate methods and applications for the use and testing of new therapies were recommended. The use of these terms and techniques should assist clinicians and researchers who deal with sepsis and its sequelae.
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            Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock

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              Cytopathic hypoxia. Mitochondrial dysfunction as mechanism contributing to organ dysfunction in sepsis.

              M Fink (2001)
              Several lines of evidence support the notion that cellular energetics are deranged in sepsis, not on the basis of inadequate tissue perfusion, but rather on the basis of impaired mitochondrial respiration and/or coupling; that is, organ dysfunction in sepsis may occur on the basis of cytopathic hypoxia. If this concept is correct, then the therapeutic implications are enormous. Efforts to improve outcome in patients with sepsis by monitoring and manipulating cardiac output, systemic Do2, and regional blood flow are doomed to failure. Instead, the focus should be on developing pharmacologic strategies to restore normal mitochondrial function and cellular energetics.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                clin
                Clinics
                Clinics
                Faculdade de Medicina / USP (São Paulo )
                1980-5322
                August 2005
                : 60
                : 4
                : 311-316
                Article
                S1807-59322005000400009
                10.1590/S1807-59322005000400009
                feb5f60e-8aa0-4666-b310-2ff0b8978adb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1807-5932&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Red blood cell transfusion,Mixed venous oxygen saturation,Serum lactate,Tissue oxygenation,Sepsis,Transfusão de hemácias,Saturação venosa mista de oxigênio lactato sérico,Oxigenação tecidual,Sepse

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