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Abstract
The problem of emergence in physical theories makes necessary to build a general theory
of the relationships between the observed system and the observing system. It can
be shown that there exists a correspondence between classical systems and computational
dynamics according to the Shannon-Turing model. A classical system is an informational
closed system with respect to the observer; this characterizes the emergent processes
in classical physics as phenomenological emergence. In quantum systems, the analysis
based on the computation theory fails. It is here shown that a quantum system is an
informational open system with respect to the observer and able to exhibit processes
of observational, radical emergence. Finally, we take into consideration the role
of computation in describing the physical world.