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      Radiodensidade hepática de cães hígidos por tomografia computadorizada helicoidal Translated title: Hepatic radiodensity in healthy dogs by helical computed tomography

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          Abstract

          Os objetivos do presente estudo são obter valores médios de radiodensidade do parênquima hepático de cães normais e descrever a adaptação na espécie canina de uma técnica de mensuração da densidade tomográfica já utilizada em humanos. Para a realização do estudo, foram adquiridos exames tomográficos do fígado de oito cães hígidos adultos jovens, sem distinção de sexo ou raça. Após a realização do exame, foram obtidos valores médios de radiodensidade de três regiões de interesse (ROIs) do parênquima hepático em três diferentes níveis de corte. Além disso, foi realizada a análise de uma região de interesse do parênquima esplênico em três diferentes níveis de corte para uma avaliação comparativa entre os órgãos. Observou-se, no grupo avaliado, um valor médio de atenuação HU de 59,58±3,34 unidades Hounsfield (HU). A diferença de densidade entre o parênquima hepático e o esplênico foi, em média, de 4,69±7,77HU. No presente estudo, o exame de tomografia computadorizada demonstrou ser uma técnica com alta sensibilidade para estimar a radiodensidade do parênquima hepático. O estabelecimento de valores de normalidade e a padronização de uma metodologia de avaliação permitem melhor caracterização de alterações na radiodensidade pelo exame tomográfico, auxiliando no estabelecimento de um diagnóstico e minimizando a necessidade de exames invasivos.

          Translated abstract

          The objectives of the study reported here were to obtain medium values of hepatic parenchyma radiodensity in healthy dogs, and also describe the adaptation in canine specie of a tomographic density measurement technique, which has already been used in humans. For the accomplishment of this study tomographic exams were realized in eight young dogs without sex or breed definition. After the exams, the liver's degree of HU attenuation was determined through a mean value of three selected regions of interest (ROI) in hepatic parenchyma obtained in three different levels of cut. Additionally, a region of interest in the splenic parenchyma was analyzed in three different levels of cut for comparative evaluation between the organs. In the experimental group it was observed an X-ray attenuation mean value of 59.58±3.34 Hounsfield Units (HU). The density difference between hepatic and splenic parenchyma was a mean value of 4.69±7.77HU. In the present study, it was observed that computed tomography is a technique with high sensitivity to estimate hepatic parenchyma density. The establishment of reference values and the standardizing of an evaluation methodology allow a better characterization of radiodensity changes in the tomographic exams, assisting in establishing a diagnosis and minimizing the necessity of invasive testing to the patient.

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          Most cited references17

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          Hepatic steatosis in Cushing's syndrome: a radiological assessment using computed tomography.

          Hepatic steatosis may occur in association with insulin resistance and obesity, two features commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome (CS). The aim of this report is to assess the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in patients with active CS using computed tomography (CT) and to identify any associations between hepatic steatosis, endocrine and biochemical variables and body fat distribution. We identified 50 patients with active CS in whom appropriate CT was available to allow measurement of liver and spleen attenuation. In 26 patients, abdominal fat measurements were also available. Serum markers of CS and liver function tests were recorded. Ten of 50 patients had a liver-to-spleen CT attenuation ratio (L/S) of less than 1, indicating hepatic steatosis. There was a significant negative correlation between both liver attenuation and L/S ratio with total abdominal fat area, visceral fat area, the percentage of visceral fat and the visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio; the strongest negative correlation was found between visceral fat area and L/S ratio (r=-0.638, P<0.001, n=26). L/S ratio positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase levels (r=+0.423, P=0.044, n=23) but with no other serum marker of CS activity or liver enzyme. We have demonstrated hepatic steatosis on CT in 20% of patients with active CS. The presence of hepatic steatosis was significantly correlated with total abdominal fat area and visceral fat area.
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            Tratado de anatomia veterinária

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              Computed tomographic anatomy of the canine pancreas.

              Barium sulfate was administered into the coeliac artery of 5 canine cadavers to allow for contrast computed tomography of the pancreas. Contiguous, 2-mm-thick slices were acquired. Multiplanar and three-dimensional reformatting were performed to clarify the anatomic relationship. After imaging, the cadavers were frozen, cross sections obtained, and plastinated. These were compared to the computed tomography images. Five plain and contrast enhanced computed tomographic series of normal live controls were acquired and evaluated retrospectively. In the study of the canine cadavers the pancreas became opacified and appeared homogenous with irregular contour. In normal live controls, acquiring an image at the end of expiration allowed a detailed view of the pancreatic parenchyma in the non-alterated pancreas, but pancreatic and bile ducts could not be seen. Adjacent to the hepatic hilus the pancreatic body appeared as a dorsoventrally flattened structure bordering on the ventral surface of the portal vein, both in cadavers and normal live controls. The right lobe extended caudodorsally to the right abdominal wall and aligned with the cranial part of the duodenum. The left lobe was adjacent to the gastric body in all dogs although it was separated from the gastric fundus by the dorsal extremity of the spleen in normal live controls. Neither kidney was suitable as an anatomic marker for localization of the pancreas, unlike traditional references in textbooks. We recommended using the portal vein to localize the pancreatic body, the descending duodenum for the right lobe, and the dorsal extremity of the spleen as well as the gastric fundus for the left lobe.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria )
                1678-4596
                April 2010
                : 40
                : 4
                : 888-893
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Vila Velha Brazil
                [3 ] Centro de Escolas de Formação Especial Técnico em Radiologia e Imagenologia do Espirito Santo Brazil
                Article
                S0103-84782010000400022
                fecef76a-b2d4-4d3d-8c16-11de08024ac2

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-8478&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                CT,liver,hepatic radiodensity,canine,TC,fígado,radiodensidade hepática,canino
                Horticulture
                CT, liver, hepatic radiodensity, canine, TC, fígado, radiodensidade hepática, canino

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