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      Nucleobase-Containing Polymers: Structure, Synthesis, and Applications

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Polymers
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: nucleobase interactions, polymer synthesis, self-assembly

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          Abstract

          Nucleobase interactions play a fundamental role in biological functions, including transcription and translation. Natural nucleic acids like DNA are also widely implemented in material realm such as DNA guided self-assembly of nanomaterials. Inspired by that, polymer chemists have contributed phenomenal endeavors to mimic both the structures and functions of natural nucleic acids in synthetic polymers. Similar sequence-dependent responses were observed and employed in the self-assembly of these nucleobase-containing polymers. Here, the structures, synthetic approaches, and applications of nucleobase-containing polymers are highlighted and a brief look is taken at the future development of these polymers.

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          Thiol-ene click chemistry.

          Charles Hoyle, Christopher Bowman (2010)
          Following Sharpless' visionary characterization of several idealized reactions as click reactions, the materials science and synthetic chemistry communities have pursued numerous routes toward the identification and implementation of these click reactions. Herein, we review the radical-mediated thiol-ene reaction as one such click reaction. This reaction has all the desirable features of a click reaction, being highly efficient, simple to execute with no side products and proceeding rapidly to high yield. Further, the thiol-ene reaction is most frequently photoinitiated, particularly for photopolymerizations resulting in highly uniform polymer networks, promoting unique capabilities related to spatial and temporal control of the click reaction. The reaction mechanism and its implementation in various synthetic methodologies, biofunctionalization, surface and polymer modification, and polymerization are all reviewed.
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            Design and development of polymers for gene delivery.

            Daniel W. Pack, Allan S Hoffman, Suzie Pun … (2005)
            The lack of safe and efficient gene-delivery methods is a limiting obstacle to human gene therapy. Synthetic gene-delivery agents, although safer than recombinant viruses, generally do not possess the required efficacy. In recent years, a variety of effective polymers have been designed specifically for gene delivery, and much has been learned about their structure-function relationships. With the growing understanding of polymer gene-delivery mechanisms and continued efforts of creative polymer chemists, it is likely that polymer-based gene-delivery systems will become an important tool for human gene therapy.
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              Directed self-assembly of nanoparticles.

              Marek Grzelczak, Jan Vermant, Eric M Furst … (2010)
              Within the field of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are one of the most prominent and promising candidates for technological applications. Self-assembly of nanoparticles has been identified as an important process where the building blocks spontaneously organize into ordered structures by thermodynamic and other constraints. However, in order to successfully exploit nanoparticle self-assembly in technological applications and to ensure efficient scale-up, a high level of direction and control is required. The present review critically investigates to what extent self-assembly can be directed, enhanced, or controlled by either changing the energy or entropy landscapes, using templates or applying external fields.
              Article 0 comments Cited 443 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Polymers (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Polymers (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): polymers
                Title: Polymers
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2073-4360
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 December 2017
                Publication date Collection: December 2017
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 666
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; yht@ 123456nchu.edu.cn
                [2 ]Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
                [3 ]Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: xiweixian@ 123456g.ucla.edu ; Tel.: +1-303-748-3805
                Article
                Publisher ID: polymers-09-00666
                DOI: 10.3390/polym9120666
                PMC ID: 6418729
                SO-VID: fed695c4-0bfe-4228-9c29-0b0c72e18d98
                Copyright © © 2017 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 10 November 2017
                Date accepted : 27 November 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: nucleobase interactions,polymer synthesis,self-assembly
                Data availability:
                Keywords: nucleobase interactions, polymer synthesis, self-assembly

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