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      Mimicking black hole event horizons in atomic and solid-state systems

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          Abstract

          Holographic quantum matter exhibits an intriguing connection between quantum black holes and more conventional (albeit strongly interacting) quantum many-body systems. This connection is manifested in the study of their thermodynamics,statistical mechanics and many-body quantum chaos. After explaining some of those connections and their significance, we focus on the most promising example to date of holographic quantum matter, the family of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models. Those are simple quantum mechanical models that are thought to realize, holographically, quantum black holes. We review and assess various proposals for experimental realizations of the SYK models. Such experimental realization offers the exciting prospect of accessing black hole physics, and thus addressing many mysterious questions in quantum gravity, in tabletop experiments.

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          Signatures of Majorana fermions in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowire devices

          E. Bakkers, L. Kouwenhoven, S R Plissard … (2012)
          Majorana fermions are particles identical to their own antiparticles. They have been theoretically predicted to exist in topological superconductors. We report electrical measurements on InSb nanowires contacted with one normal (Au) and one superconducting electrode (NbTiN). Gate voltages vary electron density and define a tunnel barrier between normal and superconducting contacts. In the presence of magnetic fields of order 100 mT we observe bound, mid-gap states at zero bias voltage. These bound states remain fixed to zero bias even when magnetic fields and gate voltages are changed over considerable ranges. Our observations support the hypothesis of Majorana fermions in nanowires coupled to superconductors.
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            Solvable Model of a Spin-Glass

            David Sherrington, Scott Kirkpatrick (1975)
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              Experimental realisation of the topological Haldane model

              Thomas Uehlinger, Daniel M. Greif, Martin Lebrat … (2014)
              The Haldane model on the honeycomb lattice is a paradigmatic example of a Hamiltonian featuring topologically distinct phases of matter. It describes a mechanism through which a quantum Hall effect can appear as an intrinsic property of a band-structure, rather than being caused by an external magnetic field. Although an implementation in a material was considered unlikely, it has provided the conceptual basis for theoretical and experimental research exploring topological insulators and superconductors. Here we report on the experimental realisation of the Haldane model and the characterisation of its topological band-structure, using ultracold fermionic atoms in a periodically modulated optical honeycomb lattice. The model is based on breaking time-reversal symmetry as well as inversion symmetry. The former is achieved through the introduction of complex next-nearest-neighbour tunnelling terms, which we induce through circular modulation of the lattice position. For the latter, we create an energy offset between neighbouring sites. Breaking either of these symmetries opens a gap in the band-structure, which is probed using momentum-resolved interband transitions. We explore the resulting Berry-curvatures of the lowest band by applying a constant force to the atoms and find orthogonal drifts analogous to a Hall current. The competition between both broken symmetries gives rise to a transition between topologically distinct regimes. By identifying the vanishing gap at a single Dirac point, we map out this transition line experimentally and compare it to calculations using Floquet theory without free parameters. We verify that our approach, which allows for dynamically tuning topological properties, is suitable even for interacting fermionic systems. Furthermore, we propose a direct extension to realise spin-dependent topological Hamiltonians.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Publication date Created: 01 August 2018
                Article
                ArXiV ID: 1808.00541
                SO-VID: fedc14c2-1440-4d91-b890-63e0e613f18c
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                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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                Comments 13 pages with 8 figures. Review article solicited by Nature Review Materials
                Categories cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall hep-th

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Condensed matter,High energy & Particle physics,Nanophysics
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Condensed matter, High energy & Particle physics, Nanophysics

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