51
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Combined extracts of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf supplementation enhances muscle strength and endurance in resistance trained males

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          A proprietary composition GMCT contains extracts of two popular Asian herbs viz., Garcinia mangostana (GM) fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala (CT) leaf. We systematically evaluated physical performance and muscle strength enhancing ability of GMCT in a preclinical mouse model followed by a 42-days double-blind placebo controlled human trial in resistance trained adult males.

          Methods

          Four groups of Swiss albino mice (20–30 g body weight) ( n = 6) were fed a standard laboratory diet and given Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC), 150 mg/kg GMCT (GMCT-150), 300 mg/kg GMCT (GMCT-300) or 50 mg/kg Oxymetholone (OXY) via oral gavage for 21 days. On day 22, the animals’ physical performance and muscle strength were assessed in a forced swimming test (FST) and forelimb grip strength experiment, respectively.

          In the human trial, thirty-eight resistance-trained young adults (mean age 26.32 ± 4.39 years, body weight 67.79 ± 12.84 kg, BMI 22.92 ± 3.54 kg/m 2) completed the trial. The participants received either GMCT ( n = 19; 800 mg daily) or matched placebo (n = 19) for 42 days. As primary variables, 1-RM bench press, 1-RM leg press, and leg extension repetitions were measured at baseline and on days 14, 28 and 42 of the intervention. Anthropometric parameters and serum markers such as free testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and lactate were also measured before and after the intervention.

          Results

          GMCT-300 mice showed significant improvement in swimming time (GMCT: 395.3 ± 81.70 s vs. CMC: 271.6 ± 56.86 s; p = 0.0166), distance (GMCT: 341.22 ± 65.88 m vs. CMC: 260.84 ± 49.15 m; p = 0.0461) and grip strength (GMCT: 43.92 ± 6.97 N vs. CMC: 35.0 ± 6.92 N; p = 0.0490), compared with the CMC group.

          At the end of the 42-day human trial, the per protocol analyses reveal that mean changes from baseline 1-RM bench press (GMCT: 23.47 ± 10.07 kg vs. PL: 3.42 ± 2.06 kg; p < 0.0001), leg press (GMCT: 29.32 ± 16.17 kg vs. PL: 5.21 ± 1.72 kg; p < 0.0001), number of leg extension repetitions (GMCT: 6.58 ± 2.57 vs. PL: 2.05 ± 1.22; p < 0.0001) in GMCT group were significantly improved, compared with placebo. Intergroup difference analyses show that the changes from baseline left arm (GMCT: 1.09 ± 0.36 cm vs. PL: 0.68 ± 0.42 cm; p = 0.0023), right arm (GMCT: 1.50 ± 0.44 cm vs. PL: 1.11 ± 0.43 cm; p = 0.0088) circumference and lean mass (GMCT: 2.29 ± 2.09 kg vs. PL: 0.52 ± 2.58 kg; p = 0.0404) in GMCT group were also significantly improved, compared with placebo. In comparison to placebo, GMCT supplementation did not improve free testosterone, IGF-1, insulin or lactate levels. Parameters of clinical biochemistry, hematology, urine and vital signs of the participants were within the normal range.

          Conclusion

          GMCT supplementation is effective in increasing muscle strength, muscle size and, total lean mass, as well as endurance performance.

          Trial Registration.

          Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2015/01/005374), Registered on Jan 07, 2015; CTRI Website URL - http://ctri.nic.in

          Related collections

          Most cited references31

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential.

          Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. India has about 45000 plant species and among them, several thousands have been claimed to possess medicinal properties. Research conducted in last few decades on plants mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for diabetes have shown anti-diabetic property. The present paper reviews 45 such plants and their products (active, natural principles and crude extracts) that have been mentioned/used in the Indian traditional system of medicine and have shown experimental or clinical anti-diabetic activity. Indian plants which are most effective and the most commonly studied in relation to diabetes and their complications are: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Cajanus cajan, Coccinia indica, Caesalpinia bonducella, Ficus bengalenesis, Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Pterocarpus marsupium, Swertia chirayita, Syzigium cumini, Tinospora cordifolia and Trigonella foenum graecum. Among these we have evaluated M. charantia, Eugenia jambolana, Mucuna pruriens, T. cordifolia, T. foenum graecum, O. sanctum, P. marsupium, Murraya koeingii and Brassica juncea. All plants have shown varying degree of hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic activity.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance

            Dietary nitrate is growing in popularity as a sports nutrition supplement. This article reviews the evidence base for the potential of inorganic nitrate to enhance sports and exercise performance. Inorganic nitrate is present in numerous foodstuffs and is abundant in green leafy vegetables and beetroot. Following ingestion, nitrate is converted in the body to nitrite and stored and circulated in the blood. In conditions of low oxygen availability, nitrite can be converted into nitric oxide, which is known to play a number of important roles in vascular and metabolic control. Dietary nitrate supplementation increases plasma nitrite concentration and reduces resting blood pressure. Intriguingly, nitrate supplementation also reduces the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and can, in some circumstances, enhance exercise tolerance and performance. The mechanisms that may be responsible for these effects are reviewed and practical guidelines for safe and efficacious dietary nitrate supplementation are provided.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Pharmacology of anabolic steroids.

              Athletes and bodybuilders have recognized for several decades that the use of anabolic steroids can promote muscle growth and strength but it is only relatively recently that these agents are being revisited for clinical purposes. Anabolic steroids are being considered for the treatment of cachexia associated with chronic disease states, and to address loss of muscle mass in the elderly, but nevertheless their efficacy still needs to be demonstrated in terms of improved physical function and quality of life. In sport, these agents are performance enhancers, this being particularly apparent in women, although there is a high risk of virilization despite the favourable myotrophic-androgenic dissociation that many xenobiotic steroids confer. Modulation of androgen receptor expression appears to be key to partial dissociation, with consideration of both intracellular steroid metabolism and the topology of the bound androgen receptor interacting with co-activators. An anticatabolic effect, by interfering with glucocorticoid receptor expression, remains an attractive hypothesis. Behavioural changes by non-genomic and genomic pathways probably help motivate training. Anabolic steroids continue to be the most common adverse finding in sport and, although apparently rare, designer steroids have been synthesized in an attempt to circumvent the dope test. Doping with anabolic steroids can result in damage to health, as recorded meticulously in the former German Democratic Republic. Even so, it is important not to exaggerate the medical risks associated with their administration for sporting or bodybuilding purposes but to emphasize to users that an attitude of personal invulnerability to their adverse effects is certainly misguided.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                drmanikyeswararao@gmail.com
                avkr@lailanutra.in
                prason@lailanutra.in
                drgt@lailanutra.in
                +91 866-6636666 , krishanu.s@lailanutra.in
                Journal
                J Int Soc Sports Nutr
                J Int Soc Sports Nutr
                Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
                BioMed Central (London )
                1550-2783
                22 October 2018
                22 October 2018
                2018
                : 15
                : 50
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Suraksha Health Village, 121, SBH complex, Gurunanak Nagar Road, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh India
                [2 ]GRID grid.487312.b, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, ; 181/2, JRD Tata Industrial Estate, Kanur, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520007 India
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-2621
                Article
                257
                10.1186/s12970-018-0257-4
                6196563
                30348185
                ff062a44-8715-442b-bbc3-e7343ec18b0a
                © The Author(s). 2018

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 26 April 2018
                : 9 October 2018
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Sports medicine
                cinnamomum tamala,endurance of exercise,forced swim test,free testosterone,garcinia mangostana,lean body mass,muscle strength

                Comments

                Comment on this article