Looking for alternative treatments for bovine and caprine mastitis: Evaluation of the potential of  Calliandra surinamensis  leaf pinnulae lectin (CasuL), both alone and in combination with antibiotics

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Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of CasuL on growth and viability of 15 mastitis isolates from cows and goats, to determine the synergistic potential between CasuL and antibiotics, and to investigate the effects on bacterial ultrastructure and antibiofilm activity. The lectin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus isolates from either bovine (Ssp6PD and Sa) or caprine (Ssp5D and Ssp01) mastitis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were ranged from 3.75 to 15 µg/ml. Synergistic effect was observed for CasuL‐tetracycline against Sa and Ssp6PD and CasuL‐ampicillin against Ssp01. No structural damage was observed under the scanning electron microscope in CasuL treatments. Flow cytometry analysis using thiazol orange and propidium iodide demonstrated that CasuL was unable to reduce the cell viability of the isolates tested. At sub‐inhibitory concentrations, CasuL reduced biofilm formation by the isolates Sa and Ssp5D. However, CasuL‐tetracycline and CasuL‐ampicillin combinations inhibited biofilm formation by Ssp6PD and Ssp01, respectively. In conclusion, CasuL is a bacteriostatic and antibiofilm agent against some mastitis isolates and displayed a synergistic potential when used in combination with either ampicillin (against one isolate) or tetracycline (against two isolates). The results stimulate the evaluation of CasuL for the treatment of mastitis, particularly when used in conjunction with antibiotics.

Abstract

CasuL is a bacteriostatic and antibiofilm agent against mastitis isolates and displayed a synergistic potential when used in combination with either ampicillin or tetracycline.

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Most cited references 23

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Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.

G A Pankey, L Sabath (2004)

The distinction between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents appears to be clear according to the in vitro definition, but this only applies under strict laboratory conditions and is inconsistent for a particular agent against all bacteria. The distinction is more arbitrary when agents are categorized in clinical situations. The supposed superiority of bactericidal agents over bacteriostatic agents is of little relevance when treating the vast majority of infections with gram-positive bacteria, particularly in patients with uncomplicated infections and noncompromised immune systems. Bacteriostatic agents (e.g., chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and linezolid) have been effectively used for treatment of endocarditis, meningitis, and osteomyelitis--indications that are often considered to require bactericidal activity. Although bacteriostatic/bactericidal data may provide valuable information on the potential action of antibacterial agents in vitro, it is necessary to combine this information with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to provide more meaningful prediction of efficacy in vivo. The ultimate guide to treatment of any infection must be clinical outcome.

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Invited review: Mastitis in dairy heifers: nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control.

S McDougall, Linda de Vries, Jessica L. Fox … (2012)

Heifer mastitis is a disease that potentially threatens production and udder health in the first and subsequent lactations. In general, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the predominant cause of intramammary infection and subclinical mastitis in heifers around parturition, whereas Staphylococcus aureus and environmental pathogens cause a minority of the cases. Clinical heifer mastitis is typically caused by the major pathogens. The variation in proportions of causative pathogens between studies, herds, and countries is considerable. The magnitude of the effect of heifer mastitis on an individual animal is influenced by the form of mastitis (clinical versus subclinical), the virulence of the causative pathogen(s) (major versus minor pathogens), the time of onset of infection relative to calving, cure or persistence of the infection when milk production has started, and the host's immunity. Intramammary infection in early lactation caused by CNS does not generally have a negative effect on subsequent productivity. At the herd level, the impact will depend on the prevalence and incidence of the disease, the nature of the problem (clinical, subclinical, nonfunctional quarters), the causative pathogens involved (major versus minor pathogens), the ability of the animals to cope with the disease, and the response of the dairy manager to control the disease through management changes. Specific recommendations to prevent and control mastitis in late gestation in periparturient heifers are not part of the current National Mastitis Council mastitis and prevention program. Control and prevention is currently based on avoidance of inter-sucking among young stock, fly control, optimal nutrition, and implementation of hygiene control and comfort measures, especially around calving. More risk factors for subclinical and clinical heifer mastitis have been identified (e.g., season, location of herd, stage of pregnancy) although they do not lend themselves to the development of specific intervention strategies designed to prevent the disease. Pathogen-specific risk factors and associated control measures need to be identified due to the pathogen-related variation in epidemiology and effect on future performance. Prepartum intramammary treatment with antibiotics has been proposed as a simple and effective way of controlling heifer mastitis but positive long-lasting effects on somatic cell count and milk yield do not always occur, ruling out universal recommendation of this practice. Moreover, use of antibiotics in this manner is off-label and results in an increased risk of antibiotic residues in milk. Prepartum treatment can be implemented only as a short-term measure to assist in the control of a significant heifer mastitis problem under supervision of the herd veterinarian. When CNS are the major cause of intramammary infection in heifers, productivity is not affected, making prepartum treatment redundant and even unwanted. In conclusion, heifer mastitis can affect the profitability of dairy farming because of a potential long-term negative effect on udder health and milk production and an associated culling risk, specifically when major pathogens are involved. Prevention and control is not easy but is possible through changes in young stock and heifer management. However, the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the disease remain largely unknown and more pathogen-specific risk factors should be identified to optimize current prevention programs. Copyright © 2012 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Prospects for plant-derived antibacterials.

Kim Lewis, Frederick M. Ausubel (2006)

Can weakly active phytochemicals be combined synergistically to produce new antibacterial treatments?

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Author and article information

Contributors

Thiago H. Napoleão:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-2602

thiagohn86@yahoo.com.br

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Microbiologyopen

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Microbiologyopen

Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2045-8827

Journal ID (publisher-id): MBO3

Title: MicrobiologyOpen

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-8827

Publication date (Electronic): 17 May 2019

Publication date Collection: November 2019

Volume: 8

Issue: 11 , ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE ( doiID: 10.1002/mbo3.v8.11 )

Electronic Location Identifier: e869

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil

[ ² ] Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste Recife Brazil

[ ³ ] Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil

[ ⁴ ] Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence

Thiago H. Napoleão, Departamento de Bioquímica, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida. Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50670‐420, Recife‐PE, Brazil.

Email: thiagohn86@ 123456yahoo.com.br

Author information

Thiago H. Napoleão https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-2602

Article

Publisher ID: MBO3869

DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.869

PMC ID: 6854845

PubMed ID: 31099495

SO-VID: ff10221b-fce1-4dc7-b175-3928f22b940a

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 22 February 2019

Date revision received : 29 April 2019

Date accepted : 29 April 2019

Page count

Figures: 5, Tables: 3, Pages: 11, Words: 7206

Funding

Funded by: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100002322;

Award ID: 001

Funded by: Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100006162;

Award ID: APQ-0108-2.08/14

Award ID: APQ-0661-2.08/15

Award ID: BCT-0059-2.08/18

Award ID: IBPG-0088-2.08/14

Funded by: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100003593;

Award ID: 446902/2014-4

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source-schema-version-number 2.0

cover-date November 2019

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.2 mode:remove_FC converted:05.12.2019

ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: antibiofilm activity,bacteriostatic agent,mastitis,staphylococcus,synergism

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: antibiofilm activity, bacteriostatic agent, mastitis, staphylococcus, synergism

Looking for alternative treatments for bovine and caprine mastitis: Evaluation of the potential of Calliandra surinamensis leaf pinnulae lectin (CasuL), both alone and in combination with antibiotics

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Bacterial vaginosis and biofilm

Most cited references 23

Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.

Invited review: Mastitis in dairy heifers: nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control.

Prospects for plant-derived antibacterials.

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