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      Interpretation of Social Interactions: Functional Imaging of Cognitive-Semiotic Categories During Naturalistic Viewing

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          Abstract

          Social interactions arise from patterns of communicative signs, whose perception and interpretation require a multitude of cognitive functions. The semiotic framework of Peirce’s Universal Categories (UCs) laid ground for a novel cognitive-semiotic typology of social interactions. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 16 volunteers watched a movie narrative encompassing verbal and non-verbal social interactions. Three types of non-verbal interactions were coded (“unresolved,” “non-habitual,” and “habitual”) based on a typology reflecting Peirce’s UCs. As expected, the auditory cortex responded to verbal interactions, but non-verbal interactions modulated temporal areas as well. Conceivably, when speech was lacking, ambiguous visual information (unresolved interactions) primed auditory processing in contrast to learned behavioral patterns (habitual interactions). The latter recruited a parahippocampal-occipital network supporting conceptual processing and associative memory retrieval. Requesting semiotic contextualization, non-habitual interactions activated visuo-spatial and contextual rule-learning areas such as the temporo-parietal junction and right lateral prefrontal cortex. In summary, the cognitive-semiotic typology reflected distinct sensory and association networks underlying the interpretation of observed non-verbal social interactions.

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          Most cited references92

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          The role of the parahippocampal cortex in cognition.

          The parahippocampal cortex (PHC) has been associated with many cognitive processes, including visuospatial processing and episodic memory. To characterize the role of PHC in cognition, a framework is required that unifies these disparate processes. An overarching account was proposed whereby the PHC is part of a network of brain regions that processes contextual associations. Contextual associations are the principal element underlying many higher-level cognitive processes, and thus are suitable for unifying the PHC literature. Recent findings are reviewed that provide support for the contextual associations account of PHC function. In addition to reconciling a vast breadth of literature, the synthesis presented expands the implications of the proposed account and gives rise to new and general questions about context and cognition. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Shared representations between self and other: a social cognitive neuroscience view.

            The abilities to identify with others and to distinguish between self and other play a pivotal role in intersubjective transactions. Here, we marshall evidence from developmental science, social psychology and neuroscience (including clinical neuropsychology) that support the view of a common representation network (both at the computational and neural levels) between self and other. However, sharedness does not mean identicality, otherwise representations of self and others would completely overlap, and lead to confusion. We argue that self-awareness and agency are integral components for navigating within these shared representations. We suggest that within this shared neural network the inferior parietal cortex and the prefrontal cortex in the right hemisphere play a special role in interpersonal awareness.
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              The proactive brain: memory for predictions.

              Moshe Bar (2009)
              It is proposed that the human brain is proactive in that it continuously generates predictions that anticipate the relevant future. In this proposal, analogies are derived from elementary information that is extracted rapidly from the input, to link that input with the representations that exist in memory. Finding an analogical link results in the generation of focused predictions via associative activation of representations that are relevant to this analogy, in the given context. Predictions in complex circumstances, such as social interactions, combine multiple analogies. Such predictions need not be created afresh in new situations, but rather rely on existing scripts in memory, which are the result of real as well as of previously imagined experiences. This cognitive neuroscience framework provides a new hypothesis with which to consider the purpose of memory, and can help explain a variety of phenomena, ranging from recognition to first impressions, and from the brain's 'default mode' to a host of mental disorders.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Hum Neurosci
                Front Hum Neurosci
                Front. Hum. Neurosci.
                Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1662-5161
                14 August 2018
                2018
                : 12
                : 296
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
                [2] 2Natural Media Lab, Human Technology Centre (HumTec), RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
                [3] 3Center for Sign Language and Gesture (SignGes), RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
                [4] 4Brain Imaging Facility, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Studies (IZKF), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
                [5] 5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, China
                [6] 6JARA-Translational Brain Medicine , Aachen, Germany
                Author notes

                Edited by: Michael Hanke, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Germany

                Reviewed by: Enrico Glerean, Aalto University, Finland; Dylan D. Wagner, The Ohio State University, United States

                *Correspondence: Dhana Wolf, dhwolf@ 123456ukaachen.de
                Article
                10.3389/fnhum.2018.00296
                6102316
                ff334967-1e33-44ae-b79a-cfb9ad262717
                Copyright © 2018 Wolf, Mittelberg, Rekittke, Bhavsar, Zvyagintsev, Haeck, Cong, Klasen and Mathiak.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 08 March 2018
                : 06 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 127, Pages: 16, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659
                Award ID: MA 2631/6-1
                Funded by: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 10.13039/501100002347
                Award ID: 01EE1405B
                Award ID: 01EE1405C
                Categories
                Neuroscience
                Original Research

                Neurosciences
                social cognitive neuroscience,natural film viewing,functional imaging,semiotics,social interaction

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