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      Ajuste psicológico y habilidades para la resolución de problemas en condenados por homicidio o tentativa de homicidio Translated title: Psychological adjustment and problem-solving skills in convicted by murder or attempted murder

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          Abstract

          Resumen Con el objetivo de conocer el ajuste psicológico (sintomatología y diagnóstico clínico) y las destrezas para la resolución de problemas (afrontamiento) en una población de homicidas, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio en el que se contrastaron ambos factores entre una muestra de condenados por homicidio o tentativa de homicidio, con la población normativa. Participaron en el estudio 27 hombres internos en el Centro Penitenciario de Oporto (Portugal), con una edad promedio de 38.63 años. Para la medida del ajuste psicológico se acudió al SCL-90-R, mientras que el afrontamiento fue evaluado mediante el CPI-A. Los resultados revelaron que los reclusos mostraban una probabilidad superior de ser clasificados como casos clínicos en las dimensiones clínicas del SCL-90-R, a excepción de Hostilidad, así como puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas en las dimensiones clínicas a excepción de Hostilidad y Ansiedad Fóbica, y en los tres índices globales (i.e., GSI, PST, PSDI). Además, la muestra de condenados se caracterizaba por acudir a estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas, que son reconocidas como formas desadaptativas o improductivas. Asimismo, del estudio de las características delictivas se verificó que la mayoría de los acusados guardaban algún tipo de relación previa con la víctima, y que la muestra homicida se caracterizaba por versatilidad delictiva y tendencia a la reincidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la práctica profesional en el contexto penitenciario.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract With the aim of knowing about psychological adjustment (clinical symptomatology and diagnosis) and problem-solving skills (coping) in a homicide prison inmate population, a study to contrast sentenced murderers or attempted murderers with the normative population was conducted. Participated in the research, 27 male prison inmates at the Prison of Oporto (Portugal) with an age average of 38.63. Psychological adjustment and coping strategies were measured with the SCL-90-R checklist and the CRI-A questionnaire, respectively. The results exhibited that prison inmates showed a higher probability of being classified as clinical cases in most of the SCL-90-R dimensions (except in Hostility), as well as significantly higher scores in almost all of them (with the exception of Hostility and Phobic Anxiety), an in the global indexes (i.e., GSI, PST, PSDI). Furthermore, prison inmates were characterized by using avoidance coping strategies, which are considered such as maladaptive or unproductive. Likewise, the results from the crimino-logical characteristics of the inmates have revealed that homicides had a previous relationship with the victim, criminal versatility and a recidivism trend. Implications of the results for professional practice in penitentiary setting are discussed.

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          Severe mental illness in 33,588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

          High levels of psychiatric morbidity in prisoners have been documented in many countries, but it is not known whether rates of mental illness have been increasing over time or whether the prevalence differs between low-middle-income countries compared with high-income ones. To systematically review prevalence studies for psychotic illness and major depression in prisoners, provide summary estimates and investigate sources of heterogeneity between studies using meta-regression. Studies from 1966 to 2010 were identified using ten bibliographic indexes and reference lists. Inclusion criteria were unselected prison samples and that clinical examination or semi-structured instruments were used to make DSM or ICD diagnoses of the relevant disorders. We identified 109 samples including 33 588 prisoners in 24 countries. Data were meta-analysed using random-effects models, and we found a pooled prevalence of psychosis of 3.6% (95% CI 3.1-4.2) in male prisoners and 3.9% (95% CI 2.7-5.0) in female prisoners. There were high levels of heterogeneity, some of which was explained by studies in low-middle-income countries reporting higher prevalences of psychosis (5.5%, 95% CI 4.2-6.8; P = 0.035 on meta-regression). The pooled prevalence of major depression was 10.2% (95% CI 8.8-11.7) in male prisoners and 14.1% (95% CI 10.2-18.1) in female prisoners. The prevalence of these disorders did not appear to be increasing over time, apart from depression in the USA (P = 0.008). High levels of psychiatric morbidity are consistently reported in prisoners from many countries over four decades. Further research is needed to confirm whether higher rates of mental illness are found in low- and middle-income nations, and examine trends over time within nations with large prison populations.
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            The prevalence of mental disorders in Spanish prisons.

            The prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners has been researched in a few countries worldwide but never previously in Spain. Our aim was to estimate the lifetime and last month prevalence of mental disorders in a Spanish prison population. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 707 male prisoners. Sociodemographic, clinical and offending data were collected by interviewers. Offending data were confirmed using penitentiary records. Mental disorders were assessed with the clinical version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition Axis I Disorders, and personality disorders were assessed through the Spanish version of the International Personality Disorders Examination. The lifetime prevalence of mental disorder was 84.4%. Substance use disorder (abuse and dependence) was the most frequent disorder (76.2%) followed by anxiety disorder (45.3%), mood disorder (41%) and psychotic disorder (10.7%). The period (last month) prevalence of any mental disorder was 41.2%. Anxiety disorder was the most prevalent (23.3%) followed by substance use disorder (abuse and dependence; 17.5%), mood disorder (14.9%) and psychotic disorder (4.2%). Although period prevalence figures, which are those generally provided in research into rates of mental disorder among prisoners, are useful for planning improvements to services within prisons, the fact that almost all of these men had a lifetime prevalence of at least one mental disorder suggests a much wider need for improving services, including community services, for this group. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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              Mental disorders and homicidal behavior in Finland.

              Owing to the fact that Finnish police have been able to solve about 95% of all homicides during recent decades and because most homicide offenders are subjected to an intensive psychiatric evaluation, it was possible to examine data on 693 of 994 homicide offenders during an 8-year period. The prevalences of mental disorders of the homicide offenders were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the statistical increase in risk associated with specific mental disorders. The results indicate that schizophrenia increases the OR of homicidal violence by about 8-fold in men and 6.5-fold in women. Antisocial personality disorder increases the OR over 10-fold in men and over 50-fold in women. Affective disorders, anxiety disorders, dysthymia, and mental retardation did not elevate the OR to any significant extent (OR < 5.0). Homicidal behavior in a country with a relatively low crime rate appears to have a statistical association with some specific mental disorders classified according to DSM-III-R classifications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                acp
                Acción Psicológica
                Acción psicol.
                Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1578-908X
                2255-1271
                December 2017
                : 14
                : 2
                : 129-146
                Affiliations
                [1] Aragón orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Departamento de Psicología y Sociología Spain
                [2] orgnameUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela orgdiv1Unidade de Psicoloxía Forense España
                [3] orgnameUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela orgdiv1Facultade de Psicoloxía España
                Article
                S1578-908X2017000200009 S1578-908X(17)01400200009
                10.5944/ap.14.2.20792
                ff344b21-b8f6-441d-9d89-0bc024e1edb3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 August 2017
                : 29 October 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos del monográfico

                Prison inmates,Ajuste psicológico,Sintomatología clínica,Habilidades de resolución de problemas,Afrontamiento,Homicidio,Reclusos,Psychological adjustment,Clinical symptoms,Problem solving skills,Coping,Murder

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