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      Genoma, microbioma y reacciones adversas a los alimentos

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      Nutrición Hospitalaria
      Grupo Arán

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          A global reference for human genetic variation

          The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations. Here we report completion of the project, having reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping. We characterized a broad spectrum of genetic variation, in total over 88 million variants (84.7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 3.6 million short insertions/deletions (indels), and 60,000 structural variants), all phased onto high-quality haplotypes. This resource includes >99% of SNP variants with a frequency of >1% for a variety of ancestries. We describe the distribution of genetic variation across the global sample, and discuss the implications for common disease studies.
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            Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

            Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. At the same time, it is now understood that diet plays a significant role in shaping the microbiome, with experiments showing that dietary alterations can induce large, temporary microbial shifts within 24 h. Given this association, there may be significant therapeutic utility in altering microbial composition through diet. This review systematically evaluates current data regarding the effects of several common dietary components on intestinal microbiota. We show that consumption of particular types of food produces predictable shifts in existing host bacterial genera. Furthermore, the identity of these bacteria affects host immune and metabolic parameters, with broad implications for human health. Familiarity with these associations will be of tremendous use to the practitioner as well as the patient.
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              A genome-wide association study for celiac disease identifies risk variants in the region harboring IL2 and IL21.

              We tested 310,605 SNPs for association in 778 individuals with celiac disease and 1,422 controls. Outside the HLA region, the most significant finding (rs13119723; P = 2.0 x 10(-7)) was in the KIAA1109-TENR-IL2-IL21 linkage disequilibrium block. We independently confirmed association in two further collections (strongest association at rs6822844, 24 kb 5' of IL21; meta-analysis P = 1.3 x 10(-14), odds ratio = 0.63), suggesting that genetic variation in this region predisposes to celiac disease.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2022
                : 39
                : 1
                : 237-238
                Affiliations
                [4] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Las Américas orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía Chile
                [3] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería orgdiv2Departamento de Ingeniería Civil Chile
                [1] Santiago Araucanía orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chile orgdiv1Dirección de Desarrollo y Postgrado Chile
                [2] Santiago orgnameUniversidad Bernardo O'Higgins orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de Salud orgdiv2Programa de Mágister en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas Chile
                Article
                S0212-16112022000100030 S0212-1611(22)03900100030
                10.20960/nh.03924
                ff3db88b-aa91-40b9-ade8-25cbd41a5b20

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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