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      Key Challenges to Ecological Modernization Theory : Institutional Efficacy, Case Study Evidence, Units of Analysis, and the Pace of Eco-Efficiency

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      Organization & Environment
      SAGE Publications

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          Footprints on the Earth: The Environmental Consequences of Modernity

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            National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept

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              Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity.

              Human population size and growth rate are often considered important drivers of biodiversity loss, whereas household dynamics are usually neglected. Aggregate demographic statistics may mask substantial changes in the size and number of households, and their effects on biodiversity. Household dynamics influence per capita consumption and thus biodiversity through, for example, consumption of wood for fuel, habitat alteration for home building and associated activities, and greenhouse gas emissions. Here we report that growth in household numbers globally, and particularly in countries with biodiversity hotspots (areas rich in endemic species and threatened by human activities), was more rapid than aggregate population growth between 1985 and 2000. Even when population size declined, the number of households increased substantially. Had the average household size (that is, the number of occupants) remained static, there would have been 155 million fewer households in hotspot countries in 2000. Reduction in average household size alone will add a projected 233 million additional households to hotspot countries during the period 2000-15. Rapid increase in household numbers, often manifested as urban sprawl, and resultant higher per capita resource consumption in smaller households pose serious challenges to biodiversity conservation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Organization & Environment
                Organization & Environment
                SAGE Publications
                1086-0266
                1552-7417
                August 17 2016
                August 17 2016
                : 16
                : 3
                : 273-288
                Article
                10.1177/1086026603256299
                ff47b319-794c-420a-b8da-742e17369f80
                © 2016
                History

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