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      Response of Korean pine’s functional traits to geography and climate

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          Abstract

          This study analyzed the characteristics of Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis) functional trait responses to geographic and climatic factors in the eastern region of Northeast China (41°–48°N) and the linear relationships among Korean pine functional traits, to explore this species’ adaptability and ecological regulation strategies under different environmental conditions. Korean pine samples were collected from eight sites located at different latitudes, and the following factors were determined for each site: geographic factors—latitude, longitude, and altitude; temperature factors—mean annual temperature (MAT), growth season mean temperature (GST), and mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM); and moisture factors—annual precipitation (AP), growth season precipitation (GSP), and potential evapotranspiration (PET). The Korean pine functional traits examined were specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific root length (SRL), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), root nitrogen content (RNC), and root phosphorus content (RPC). The results showed that Korean pine functional traits were significantly correlated to latitude, altitude, GST, MTCM, AP, GSP, and PET. Among the Korean pine functional traits, SLA showed significant linear relationships with LT, LDMC, LNC, LPC, and RPC, and LT showed significant linear relationships with LDMC, SRL, LNC, LPC, RNC, and RPC; the linear relationships between LNC, LPC, RNC, and RPC were also significant. In conclusion, Korean pine functional trait responses to latitude resulted in its adaptation to geographic and climatic factors. The main limiting factors were precipitation and evapotranspiration, followed by altitude, latitude, GST, and MTCM. The impacts of longitude and MAT were not obvious. Changes in precipitation and temperature were most responsible for the close correlation among Korean pine functional traits, reflecting its adaption to habitat variation.

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          Spatial species-richness gradients across scales: a meta-analysis

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            Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China.

            Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Chinese terrestrial plants was studied based on a national data set including 753 species across the country. Geometric means were calculated for functional groups based on life form, phylogeny and photosynthetic pathway, as well as for all 753 species. The relationships between leaf N and P stoichiometric traits and latitude (and temperature) were analysed. The geometric means of leaf N, P, and N : P ratio for the 753 species were 18.6 and 1.21 mg g(-1) and 14.4, respectively. With increasing latitude (decreasing mean annual temperature, MAT), leaf N and P increased, but the N : P ratio did not show significant changes. Although patterns of leaf N, P and N : P ratios across the functional groups were generally consistent with those reported previously, the overall N : P ratio of China's flora was considerably higher than the global averages, probably caused by a greater shortage of soil P in China than elsewhere. The relationships between leaf N, P and N : P ratio and latitude (and MAT) also suggested the existence of broad biogeographical patterns of these leaf traits in Chinese flora.
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              A trait-based approach to community assembly: partitioning of species trait values into within- and among-community components.

              Plant functional traits vary both along environmental gradients and among species occupying similar conditions, creating a challenge for the synthesis of functional and community ecology. We present a trait-based approach that provides an additive decomposition of species' trait values into alpha and beta components: beta values refer to a species' position along a gradient defined by community-level mean trait values; alpha values are the difference between a species' trait values and the mean of co-occurring taxa. In woody plant communities of coastal California, beta trait values for specific leaf area, leaf size, wood density and maximum height all covary strongly, reflecting species distributions across a gradient of soil moisture availability. Alpha values, on the other hand, are generally not significantly correlated, suggesting several independent axes of differentiation within communities. This trait-based framework provides a novel approach to integrate functional ecology and gradient analysis with community ecology and coexistence theory.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                8 September 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 9
                : e0184051
                Affiliations
                [001]Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
                Chinese Academy of Forestry, CHINA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9276-0191
                Article
                PONE-D-17-15424
                10.1371/journal.pone.0184051
                5590863
                28886053
                ff6a7c82-7e9c-4e66-9454-f0ec861fb5dd
                © 2017 Dong, Liu

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 21 April 2017
                : 17 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 4, Pages: 15
                Funding
                Funded by: Key Project of National Key Research and Development Plan “Research on protection and restoration of typical small populations of wild plants”
                Award ID: No.2016YFC0503106
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: the ‘Twelfth Five’ National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
                Award ID: 2012BAC01B03
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Beijing key disciplines project
                Award Recipient :
                The work was supported by Key Project of National Key Research and Development Plan “Research on protection and restoration of typical small populations of wild plants” (Grant No. 2016YFC0503106); and Beijing key disciplines project.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Cartography
                Latitude
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Plants
                Trees
                Pines
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Anatomy
                Leaves
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Ecology
                Ecosystems
                Forests
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Ecology
                Ecosystems
                Forests
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Terrestrial Environments
                Forests
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Ecology
                Forest Ecology
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Ecology
                Forest Ecology
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Asia
                China
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Cartography
                Longitude
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Agriculture
                Forestry
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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                Uncategorized

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