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      Escala de Otimismo para Adultos: Construção e Validação Translated title: Escala de Optimismo para Adultos: Construcción y Validación Translated title: Optimism Scale for adults: Construction and Validation

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          Abstract

          Resumo O otimismo consiste em expectativas positivas quanto ao futuro e persistência diante das adversidades. Devido às lacunas teóricas referentes à sua avaliação, no âmbito nacional, esta pesquisa objetivou construir uma escala de otimismo para adultos e investigar suas propriedades psicométricas. Participaram 555 adultos, 18 a 77 anos (M = 33,6; DP = 11,5), sendo a maioria mulheres (65,4%). Após a construção dos itens, foram realizadas análise semântica, análise de juízes, análise fatorial exploratória e verificou-se a precisão. A análise semântica e a análise de juízes indicaram evidências de validade baseadas no conteúdo. A análise fatorial exploratória indicou um modelo de dois fatores, que explicou 47,3% da variância dos dados. Os valores de alfa de Cronbach indicaram a precisão do instrumento (α = 0,94 - Fator 1 e α = 0,92 - Fator 2). Concluiu-se que a escala proposta apresenta evidências de validade baseadas no conteúdo, na estrutura interna e precisão.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen El optimismo consiste en expectativas positivas con respecto a futuro y persistencia ante las adversidades. Debido a omisiones teóricas referentes a evaluación en el ámbito nacional, esta investigación tuvo por objetivo construir una escala de optimismo para adultos e investigar sus propiedades psicométricas. Participaron 555 adultos, 18 a 77 años (M = 33,6, DP = 11,5), siendo la mayoría mujeres (65,4%). Después de la construcción de los ítems, fue realizado análisis semántico, análisis de jueces, análisis factorial exploratorio y fue verificada la precisión. El análisis semántico y el análisis de jueces indicaron evidencias de validez basados en el contenido. El análisis factorial exploratorio indicó un modelo de dos factores, que explicó 47,3 % de la varianza de los datos. Los valores de alfa de Cronbach indicaron la precisión del instrumento (α = 0,94 - Factor 1 y α = 0,92 - Factor 2). Se concluye que la escala propuesta presenta evidencias de validez basadas en el contenido,y en la estructura interna y precisión.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Optimism consists of positive expectations about the future and persistence in the face of adversities. Due to the theoretical gaps regarding its evaluation at the national level, this research aimed to develop an optimism scale for adults and investigated their psychometric properties. The participants were 555 adults, aged from 18 to 77 years (M = 33.6; SD = 11.5), most of them women (65.4%). After the development of the scale items, the semantic analysis, the analysis by the judges, and the exploratory factorial analysis were performed and reliability was verified. The semantic analysis and the analysis by the judges indicated evidence of validity based on content. The exploratory factorial analysis indicated a two-factor solution, which explained 47.3% of data variance. Cronbach’s alpha values indicated the reliability of the instrument (α = 0.94 - Factor 1 and α = 0.92 - Factor 2). It was concluded that the proposed scale presents evidence of validity based on content, internal structure, and reliability.

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          Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.

          Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.
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            Dispositional optimism.

            Optimism is a cognitive construct (expectancies regarding future outcomes) that also relates to motivation: optimistic people exert effort, whereas pessimistic people disengage from effort. Study of optimism began largely in health contexts, finding positive associations between optimism and markers of better psychological and physical health. Physical health effects likely occur through differences in both health-promoting behaviors and physiological concomitants of coping. Recently, the scientific study of optimism has extended to the realm of social relations: new evidence indicates that optimists have better social connections, partly because they work harder at them. In this review, we examine the myriad ways this trait can benefit an individual, and our current understanding of the biological basis of optimism. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Uso da análise fatorial exploratória em psicologia

              A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) é um conjunto de técnicas estatísticas amplamente utilizadas nas pesquisas em Psicologia. Durante sua execução, diversas decisões precisam ser tomadas a fim de se obter uma estrutura fatorial adequada. O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir alguns dos principais aspectos desta técnica, apresentando estudos atualizados sobre o tema. Diferenças entre análise fatorial exploratória e análise de componentes principais, retenção e rotação fatorial, tamanho da amostra ideal, importância da variância explicada e a confiabilidade da solução fatorial são alguns dos tópicos discutidos. Aponta-se para o fato de que todas as decisões a serem tomadas durante a execução de uma análise fatorial exploratória não podem ser arbitrárias e subjetivas, mas devem ser pautadas em critérios teóricos e metodológicos claros. Este estudo pretende auxiliar pesquisadores da área da Psicologia a realizarem AFEs com maior discernimento teórico e metodológico.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pusf
                Psico-USF
                Psico-USF
                Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                1413-8271
                2175-3563
                March 2020
                : 25
                : 1
                : 89-100
                Affiliations
                [2] São Paulo orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Brazil
                [1] São Paulo orgnameCentro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1413-82712020000100089 S1413-8271(20)02500100089
                10.1590/1413-82712020250108
                ff83430c-576b-4c62-84b5-c7c0f5401426

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 February 2019
                : 21 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos

                psychological assessment,optimismo,psicología positiva,psicologia positiva,evaluación psicológica,otimismo,mental health,salud mental,avaliação psicológica,optimism,positive psychology,saúde mental

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