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      VIDEO-ASSISTED ANAL FISTULA TREATMENT: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE FIRST BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE Translated title: Tratamento cirúrgico videoassistido da fístula anorretal: considerações sobre a técnica e resultados preliminares da primeira experiência brasileira

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          Abstract

          Backgroung

          Anorectal fistula represents an epithelized communication path of infectious origin between the rectum or anal canal and the perianal region. The association of endoscopic surgery with the minimally invasive approach led to the development of the video-assisted anal fistula treatment.

          Aim

          To describe the technique and initial experience with the technique video-assisted for anal fistula treatment.

          Technique

          A Karl Storz video equipment was used. Main steps included the visualization of the fistula tract using the fistuloscope, the correct localization of the internal fistula opening under direct vision, endoscopic treatment of the fistula and closure of the internal opening which can be accomplished through firing a stapler, cutaneous-mucosal flap, or direct closure using suture.

          Results

          The mean distance between the anal verge and the external anal orifice was 5.5 cm. Mean operative time was 31.75 min. In all cases, the internal fistula opening could be identified after complete fistuloscopy. In all cases, internal fistula opening was closed using full-thickness suture. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. After a 5-month follow-up, recurrence was observed in one (12.5%) patient.

          Conclusion

          Video-assisted anal fistula treatment is feasible, reproducible, and safe. It enables direct visualization of the fistula tract, internal opening and secondary paths.

          Translated abstract

          Racional

          A fístula anorretal é um trajeto epitelizado que estabelece comunicação de origem infecciosa entre o reto ou canal anal com a região perianal. Representa a fase crônica do abscesso anorretal. A associação da videocirurgia com o procedimento minimamente invasivo levou ao desenvolvimento do tratamento cirúrgico videoassistido da fístula anorretal anal).

          Objetivo

          Descrever a técnica empregada na experiência preliminar nos primeiros casos realizados no Brasil.

          Técnica

          As principais etapas da operação são a visualização do trajeto fistuloso através da fistuloscopia sob irrigação empregando equipamento específico Karl Storz, a correta localização do orifício interno sob visão direta, o tratamento endoscópico da fístula por eletrocoagulação e o tratamento do orifício interno que pode ser feito por grampeador, avanço de retalho mucoso ou sutura simples.

          Resultados

          A distância entre a rima anal e o orifício externo foi de 5,5 cm. O tempo operatório foi de 31,75 (18-45) min em média. Em todos os casos, o orifício interno pôde ser identificado após fistuloscopia completa que foi tratado por meio de sutura simples. Não ocorreram complicações intra ou pósoperatórias. Após seguimento de cinco meses, um (12,5%) caso evoluiu com recidiva.

          Conclusão

          O tratamento videoassistido da fístula anorretal demonstrou-se factível, seguro e reprodutível. Possibilita estudo direto de todo o trajeto fistuloso conseguindo identificação de trajetos acessórios bem como do orifício interno.

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          Most cited references30

          • Record: found
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          Practice parameters for the management of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano.

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            Anal fistula surgery. Factors associated with recurrence and incontinence.

            This study was undertaken to assess results of surgery for fistula-in-ano and identify risk factors for fistula recurrence and impaired continence. We reviewed the records of 624 patients who underwent surgery for fistula-in-ano between 1988 and 1992. Follow-up was by mailed questionnaire, with 375 patients (60 percent) responding. Mean follow-up was 29 months. Fistulas were intersphincteric in 180 patients, transsphincteric in 108, suprasphincteric in 6, extrasphincteric in 6, and unclassified in 75. Procedures included fistulotomy and marsupialization (n = 300), seton placement (n = 63), endorectal advancement flap (n = 3), and other (n = 9). Factors associated with recurrence and incontinence were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. The fistula recurred in 31 patients (8 percent), and 45 percent complained of some degree of postoperative incontinence. Factors associated with recurrence included complex type of fistula, horseshoe extension, lack of identification or lateral location of the internal fistulous opening, previous fistula surgery, and the surgeon performing the procedure. Incontinence was associated with female sex, high anal fistula, type of surgery, and previous fistula surgery. Surgical treatment of fistula-in-ano is associated with a significant risk of recurrence and a high risk of impaired continence. Degree of risk varies with identifiable factors.
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              Incontinence rates after cutting seton treatment for anal fistula.

              To determine the incidence of anal incontinence after the use of cutting seton treatment for anal fistula. Literature searches were performed on PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar using the words 'cutting seton(s)', 'seton(s)' and 'anal fistula'. An analysis of the data in the collected references was performed. The average rate of incontinence following cutting seton use was 12%. The rate of incontinence increased as the location of the internal opening of the fistula moved more proximally. In the studies that described the types of incontinence, liquid stool was the most common followed closely by flatus incontinence. Incontinence associated with the treatment of fistulas defined as nonspecific cryptoglandular in nature was 18%. The high incontinence rates that result from the use of cutting setons suggest that this commonly used therapy can damage the continence musculature. Other techniques that do not involve cutting the sphincter, when available, should be preferred, especially for higher fistulas.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian Archives of Digestive Surgery
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva
                0102-6720
                2317-6326
                Jan-Mar 2014
                Jan-Mar 2014
                : 27
                : 1
                : 77-81
                Affiliations
                From Hospital Santa Izabel, Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Carlos Ramon Silveira Mendes. E-mail: proctoramon@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                10.1590/S0102-67202014000100018
                4675488
                24676305
                ff8d890e-312c-4497-9dd7-7920ff05a252

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 05 November 2013
                : 19 December 2013
                Categories
                Technic

                rectal fistula,surgical procedures,minimally invasive,fecal incontinence,crohn's disease

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