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      ESTRUCTURA DE UN ENSAMBLAJE DE ESCARABAJOS COPRÓFAGOS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEINAE) EN TRES SITIOS CON DIFERENTE USO DEL SUELO EN ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA Translated title: DUNG BEETLE ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEINAE) IN THREE SITES WITH DIFFERING LAND USE IN ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA

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          Abstract

          Los bosques andinos se encuentran sometidos a fuertes procesos de perturbación y fragmentación debido a la creación de pastizales y explotación de monocultivos, especialmente, cafetales. Adicionalmente, es poca la información acerca de la capacidad que tienen estos relictos de bosque para mantener su biodiversidad. Se realizó un estudio en una finca cafetalera-ganadera en el municipio de Tarso (Antioquia), Colombia, utilizando a los escarabajos coprófagos como grupo bioindicador. Se realizaron tres muestreos en tres hábitats: bosque, cafetal y pastizal, cada uno de ellos con un transecto de nueve trampas de caída, cebadas con excremento de cerdo por 48 h. Se recolectaron un total de 779 individuos, distribuidos en 13 especies y 7 géneros. Las especies: Onthophagus curvicornis (n = 196, 25,2%) y Oxysternon conspicillatum (n = 159, 20,4%) fueron las especies dominantes. No hubo diferencias significativas en la riqueza, abundancia, ni en la diversidad entre hábitats, pero si en la biomasa. El ensamblaje estuvo dominado por cavadores, algunos endocópridos y ninguna especie rodadora, evidenciando el alto grado de perturbación del bosque. El cafetal fue el hábitat que presentó la mayor diversidad, posiblemente debido a una mayor oferta alimenticia. Las diferencias entre las biomasas encontradas responden a los procesos de perturbación y fragmentación, ocasionando que el ensamblaje estuviera dominado por O. conspicillatum, lo cual sugiere que la presencia de esta especie en esta localidad sería indispensable para el mantenimiento de la funcionalidad ecosistémica.

          Translated abstract

          Andean forests are subjected to strong hábitat disturbance and fragmentation due to the creating of pasture and crop monocultures, especially coffee. In addition, there is little information available concerning the ability of these forest relicts to maintain their biodiveristy. This study was conducted in a coffee-ranching farm in the municipality of Tarso (Antioquia), Colombia, using dung beetles are a bioindicator group. Three inventories in three habitats were conducted, each via a transect with nine pitfall traps baited with pig feces during 48 hours. A total of 779 individuals belonging to 13 species and 7 genera were collected. Onthophagus curvicornis (n = 196, 25,2%) and Oxysternon conspicillatum (n = 159, 20,4%) were the dominant species. There were no significant differences among the habitats in terms of richness, abundance, or diversity, but they did differ in biomass. The assemblage was dominated by diggers, with some endocoprids, and no roller species, indicating the high degree of disturbance to the forests. The coffee plantation was the habitat with the highest diversity, perhaps due to a greater food supply. The biomass differences documented were probably a result of hábitat disturbance and fragmentation, leading to the dominance of O. conspicillatum, suggesting that the presence of this species in this área will be indispensable for maintaining ecosystem functionality.

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          Most cited references71

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          Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change.

          During the next 50 years, which is likely to be the final period of rapid agricultural expansion, demand for food by a wealthier and 50% larger global population will be a major driver of global environmental change. Should past dependences of the global environmental impacts of agriculture on human population and consumption continue, 10(9) hectares of natural ecosystems would be converted to agriculture by 2050. This would be accompanied by 2.4- to 2.7-fold increases in nitrogen- and phosphorus-driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater, and near-shore marine ecosystems, and comparable increases in pesticide use. This eutrophication and habitat destruction would cause unprecedented ecosystem simplification, loss of ecosystem services, and species extinctions. Significant scientific advances and regulatory, technological, and policy changes are needed to control the environmental impacts of agricultural expansion.
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            Global dung beetle response to tropical forest modification and fragmentation: A quantitative literature review and meta-analysis

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              Experimental evidence for the effects of dung beetle functional group richness and composition on ecosystem function in a tropical forest.

              Much of the literature on the relationship between species richness or functional group richness and measures of ecosystem function focuses on a restricted set of ecosystem function measures and taxonomic groups. Few such studies have been carried out under realistic levels of diversity in the field, particularly in high diversity ecosystems such as tropical forests. We used exclusion experiments to study the effects of dung beetle functional group richness and composition on two interlinked and functionally important ecological processes, dung removal and secondary seed dispersal, in evergreen tropical forest in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Overall, both dung and seed removal increased with dung beetle functional group richness. However, levels of ecosystem functioning were idiosyncratic depending on the identity of the functional groups present, indicating an important role for functional group composition. There was no evidence for interference or competition among functional groups. We found strong evidence for overyielding and transgressive overyielding, suggesting complementarity or facilitation among functional groups. Not all mixtures showed transgressive overyielding, so that complementarity was restricted to particular functional group combinations. Beetles in a single functional group (large nocturnal tunnellers) had a disproportionate influence on measures of ecosystem function: in their absence dung removal is reduced by approximately 75%. However, a full complement of functional groups is required to maximize ecosystem functioning. This study highlights the importance of both functional group identity and species composition in determining the ecosystem consequences of extinctions or altered patterns in the relative abundance of species.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                acbi
                Actualidades Biológicas
                Actu Biol
                Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0304-3584
                June 2012
                : 34
                : 96
                : 43-54
                Affiliations
                [03] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                [02] orgnameScarabaeinae Research Network - ScarabNet
                [01] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad de Los Andes orgdiv1Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática (LAZOEA) Colombia
                [04] Calgary orgnameUniversity of Lethbridge Canadá
                Article
                S0304-35842012000100004 S0304-3584(12)03409604
                ffa89efb-8214-4582-b404-a621adcb49cf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : March 2012
                : October 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 72, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artíulos de investigación

                Scarabaeidae,biomasa,cafetales,ensamblaje,escarabajos coprófagos,relictos de bosque húmedo premontano,biomass,coffee plantations,assemblage,dung beetles,premountain humid forest relicts

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