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      Monitorización de concentraciones plasmáticas de vancomicina en pacientes críticos de un hospital público de Córdoba, Argentina Translated title: Monitoring of plasma vancomycin concentrations in critically ill patients in a public hospital of Córdoba, Argentina

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La monitorización de las concentraciones plasmáticas de antimicrobianos utilizados para tratar infecciones en pacientes críticos es una de las estrategias propuestas para mejorar los resultados clínicos. La monitorización de vancomicina reduce el riesgo de resistencia bacteriana y de nefrotoxicidad relacionada con altas concentraciones plasmáticas. El estudio fue realizado en un hospital público de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, que contiene 43 unidades críticas de atención al paciente. Aunque la indicación de vancomicina es frecuente, la solicitud de niveles plasmáticos de fármacos es inusual. Método: El Servicio de Farmacia realizó un estudio piloto prospectivo durante 14 semanas, implementando el monitoreo de las concentraciones plasmáticas de vancomicina y el cálculo del índice ABC24/CIM (área bajo la curva de concentración-tiempo durante un período de 24 horas/concentración inhibitoria mínima). Objetivos: Determinar el porcentaje de pacientes con concentraciones plasmáticas valle fuera del rango terapéutico descrito en la literatura y la dosis que sería necesaria para obtener un ABC24/CIM ≥400. Resultados: Se realizaron 36 solicitudes de monitorización de vancomicina en 31 pacientes. El 78% de las concentraciones plasmáticas determinadas estaban fuera del rango terapéutico y sólo en 8 pacientes se obtuvo un ABC24/CIM ≥400. Conclusiones: Este estudio fue el primer paso para implementar la farmacocinética clínica en la institución y evidenció la importancia de la monitorización terapéutica y la individualización de la dosis. En pacientes críticos y con un aclaramiento de creatinina elevado se necesitarían dosis mayores a las utilizadas en este estudio.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Introduction: Monitoring plasma concentrations of antimicrobials used to treat infections in critically ill patients is one of the strategies proposed to improve clinical results. Vancomycin monitoring reduces the risk of bacterial resistance and nephrotoxicity related to high plasma concentrations. The study was carried out in a public hospital in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, which contains 43 critical patient care units. Although the indication for vancomycin is frequent, the request for plasma levels of drugs is unusual. Method: The Pharmacy Service carried out a prospective pilot study for 14 weeks, implementing the monitoring of plasma vancomycin concentrations and the calculation of the ABC24/MIC index (area under the concentration-time curve over a 24-hour period/inhibitory concentration minimum). Objectives: To determine the percentage of patients with trough plasma concentrations outside the therapeutic range described in the literature and the dose that would be necessary to obtain an ABC24/CIM ≥400. Results: 36 requests for vancomycin monitoring were made in 31 patients. 78% of the determined plasma concentrations were outside the therapeutic range and only in 8 patients was an ABC24/CIM ≥400 obtained. Conclusions: This study was the first step to implement clinical pharmacokinetics in the institution and showed the importance of therapeutic monitoring and dose individualization. In critically ill patients with high creatinine clearance, higher doses than those used in this study would be required.

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          Prediction of Creatinine Clearance from Serum Creatinine

          A formula has been developed to predict creatinine clearance (C cr ) from serum creatinine (S cr ) in adult males: Ccr = (140 – age) (wt kg)/72 × S cr (mg/100ml) (15% less in females). Derivation included the relationship found between age and 24-hour creatinine excretion/kg in 249 patients aged 18–92. Values for C cr were predicted by this formula and four other methods and the results compared with the means of two 24-hour C cr’s measured in 236 patients. The above formula gave a correlation coefficient between predicted and mean measured Ccr·s of 0.83; on average, the difference between predicted and mean measured values was no greater than that between paired clearances. Factors for age and body weight must be included for reasonable prediction.
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            Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients: a consensus review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.

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              Pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin and Other Antimicrobials in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

              Vancomycin is commonly used to treat staphylococcal infections, but there has not been a definitive analysis of the pharmacokinetics of this antibacterial in relation to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that could be used to determine a target pharmacodynamic index for treatment optimisation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                September 2021
                : 31
                : 3
                : 287-295
                Affiliations
                [3] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Argentina
                [2] Montevideo orgnameHospital de Clínicas “Dr. Manuel Quíntela” orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de la Facultad de Química. Área de Biofarmacia y Terapéutica orgdiv2Unidad de Monitorización de Medicamentos Uruguay
                [1] Córdoba orgnameHospital Córdoba orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia Argentina
                [4] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Argentina
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000300287 S1699-714X(21)03100300287
                10.4321/s1699-714x2021000300007
                ffbaf6dc-d894-4ab9-8780-cb31bc4c23c1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 June 2020
                : 07 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Vancomycin,pharmacokinetics,intensive care unit,drug monitoring,Vancomicina,farmacocinética,unidad de cuidados intensivos,monitorización de fármacos

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