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      Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) in healthy persons: acute effects on skin temperature and hemodynamic orthostatic response

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          Abstract

          In order to find an explanation for individual reactions to transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) we studied the skin temperature and hemodynamic reactions in 63 healthy persons. The data were obtained before and after the application of GTN and Glycerin (GL) placebo patches, during one hour. The skin temperature was measured on both forearms, the local (left sided) and systemic (right sided) reaction on GTN was related to the skin fold and the calculated body fat content. The bilateral rise of skin temperature and its duration was higher and longer in obese than in lean persons mainly in obese women. The UV induced thermo and the later photothermoreaction (Erythema) was reduced on the left forearm after the application of GTN and GL patches. The observed hemodynamic GTN effect confirmed known postural reactions, such as decreased arterial pressure (ΔmAP = -2.9%), increased heart rate (ΔHR = +7,4%) and QTc prolongation (ΔQTc = +4,9%) in upright position. An adverse drug effect with increased mean blood pressure (ΔmAP = +12%) and increased heart rate (ΔHR = + 10.4%) mainly in supine position was observed in 11 % of the participants, but only in men. Such a reaction was already described by Murell, 1879. Individual GTN effects were analyzed and related to habits and family history. In male smokers and in persons with hypertensive and diabetic close relatives, the hypotensive GTN effect was accentuated in supine position. In the upright position the group with hypertensives in the family presented a moderate hypotensive reaction without secondary tachycardia and the smokers presented only a slightly increased heart rate. Our observations suggest that individual reactions to transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) with its active component nitric oxide (NO) depends on physiological conditions, related to endogenous vasoactive substances, mainly the interaction with EDRF (the endogenous NO) and the activity of the Renin-Angiotensin System.

          Translated abstract

          MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em 63 pessoas, antes e após aplicação tópica de discos com nitroglicerina® ou glicerina como placebo, foram avaliadas: a temperatura cutânea em ambos os antebraços e as relações hemodinâmicas em posição supin e ortostática. RESULTADOS: As respostas foram as seguintes: 1. Uma hora após aplicação unilateral (no antebraço esquerdo) houve aumento da temperatura cutânea também no antebraço direito, indicando efeito sistêmico; esse efeito era mais acentuado e prolongado em mulheres obesas. 2. A fototermo-reação (eritema) induzida com luz ultravioleta (UV) foi menor no antebraço esquerdo, sugerindo que a nitroglicerina age mais sobre arteríolas do que sobre capilares do sistema vascular. 3.A aplicação transdérmica de nitroglicerina causou uma moderada reação ortostática com diminuição da pressão arterial e aumento da freqüência cardíaca. A duração do Qtc no ECG era prolongada. 4. Foram observadas as seguintes reações individuais em posição supina: em 7 homens houve uma reação adversa com aumento da pressão média em +12% e aumento da freqüência cardíaca em +10%; a mesma reação (simpática?) foi descrito por Murell em 1879, após nitroglicerina v.o. Em homens fumantes e aqueles com hipetensão e diabetes em membros próximos da família, o efeito hipotensor após nitroglicerina transdérmica era acentuado em posição supina.

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          Most cited references34

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                spmj
                Sao Paulo Medical Journal
                Sao Paulo Med. J.
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM (São Paulo )
                1806-9460
                October 1995
                : 113
                : 5
                : 973-982
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1516-31801995000500003
                10.1590/S1516-31801995000500003
                ffe149ff-8bae-4cb7-9ec7-a5e4148cbb0a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3180&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN),Skin temperature,Orthostatic reaction,Healthy persons

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