EVA London 2021: Keynote summaries

Jonathan P. Bowen Camille Baker Ghislaine Boddington London South Bank University London, UK (editor) http://www.jpbowen.com University for the Creative Arts Farnham, Surrey, UK https://www.uca.ac.uk/staffprofiles/prof-camille-baker University of Greenwich London, UK https://www.gre.ac.uk/people/rep/la s/ghislaine-boddington jonathan.bowen@lsbu.ac.uk cbaker10@uca.ac.uk s.g.boddington@greenwich.ac.uk


INTRODUCTION
This paper records summaries of invited keynote talks and backgrounds of the keynote speakers at the EVA London 2021 Conference (Weinel et al. 2021). EVA London takes place annually, originally starting in 1990 (Bowen 2020;Hemsley 2013). As for the previous year, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, EVA London 2021 is a completely online conference. The conference is broadly based on digital culture (Giannini & Bowen 2019b;) with a special emphasis on digital art (Bowen 2013). The conference also includes a symposium panel with three invited panellists presenting position statements ).

The Rise of the NFT Market
This talk covers the rise of the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) market for digital art, giving a brief history and explanation of what it is and where we stand at this point, followed by a more in-depth discussion about the impact on artists and institutions. The talk addresses the positives and opportunities, but also the negatives and potential threats.

Biography
Merel van Helsdingen is the founder and managing director at Nxt Museum (http://nxtmuseum.com), the first museum in the Netherlands dedicated to new media art, based in Amsterdam. Merel has worked on marketing and partnerships for tech, music, and entertainment companies in London (Apple, BBH, Crowdmix). She specialised in digital marketing and entertainment partnerships at BBH, working with the likes of Rovio, Disney, YouTube, and Universal Music.
Merel's passion for new media, film, and music, combined with her entrepreneurial flair, inspired the idea for Nxt Museum in 2018. Over the last two and a half years, Merel has built the museum from scratch, leading on everything from the concept to fundraising and artist liaison, with the support of her network of advisors. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Media & Culture and a Master's degree in Marketing.

Preservation of Digital Culture
Historical knowledge is of course critically important in every field, none perhaps more so than the arts. Classical art history does not have a formal analogy in modern digital culture to the extent that we still have living founders of our industry. Imagine practitioners in modern aeronautics being able to talk to and collaborate with Orville and Wilbur Wright. Our privilege now and our responsibility is to take advantage of our elder colleagues' stories, to talk about their personal experiences and share these wonderful first-person perspectives with the world. "The People Behind the Pixels" (see Figures 1 and 2) has been and continues to be an attempt to actively collect, connect and visualise this modern digital culture as an ever-growing resource to benefit students, teachers, and practitioners.

Biography
Terrence Masson is an educator and computer graphics historian with 30 years of production and education leadership experience. As an animation and visual effects artist/producer, his work includes live-action visual effects, animated feature and short animated films, VR/AR, video games and theme park special venues. Prior to joining the School of Visual Arts as Chair of the MFA Computer Arts department in 2016, he founded and served as CEO of a location-based mobile augmented reality company called Building

Camille Baker
University for the Creative Arts, UK

S+T+ARTS:EU DG-CNT Arts & Technology Innovation Initiative: 2012-present
The Science, Technology, and the Arts initiative of the Digital Single Market (STARTS) is the result of several activities under the umbrella of ICT ART CONNECT. It all started in April 2012, at the first homonymous event compromising a large gathering of people working on European Union (EU) funded projects that in different ways included the arts. The main meeting took place at the EU Berlaymont building in Brussels, which included an exhibition in a local gallery and workshops at the iMAL Art Center for Digital Cultures and Technology, in Molenbeek, Belgium. Many people were mobilised to develop the initial ideas for the first event, that in turn led to the first small EU Coordination and Support Action (CSA) that was funded to further mobilise around these ideas. This first project was funded under the Future and Emerging Technologies framework, and originally titled FET-ART.
2013 was a key year for the growth of ICT ART CONNECT. Taking advantage of the then ongoing restructuring period of transition from Framework Programme 7 (FP7) to Horizon 2020 (H2020), directly after EU showcase event ICT 2013 in Vilnius. Then an event took place in Brussels that radically boosted synergies around potential EU policies on the integration of artists in the then forthcoming H2020 framework. Because of these efforts put in place in 2013 by the activities of FET-Art, the first H2020 topic and subsequent consortium project dedicated to STARTS was funded. It was titled ICT-36-2016 -FET-ART: Boost synergies between artists, creative people and technologists, then renamed ICT & Art Connect: Boost synergies between artists, creative people and technologists. That H2020 topic then followed onto support the next projects: STARTS PRIZE, managing the award of prizes to the STARTS community, VERTIGO, coordinating STARTS in general and implementing the first STARTS Residencies and WEAR SUSTAIN, promoting ethical and sustainable wearable and etextile design ideas resulting from arts and engineering collaborations. BRAINHACK, a FET funded project about community building around brain-computer interfaces, and the one-off Creative Europe funded STARTS Prize covered the transition in terms of activities between the end of the ICTARTCONNECT.study and the start of ICT-36-2016 funded projects. This has since been followed by six more funded projects currently underway or finishing in 2021: This is not to mention the Regional STARTS Centres around Europe and STARTS Academies (http://www.starts.eu/academies), all developing in different ways the STARTS agenda and more to be funded under Horizon Europe with calls opening in March this year.
I have played a key role in the evolution and impact of the European Commission's DG-Connect initiative: STARTS (Science Technology + Arts). Through its EU funded consortium projects and activities, STARTS has impacted European innovation and ingenuity since 2012, through funding and support of novel collaborations and projects between artists and technologists or scientists, which in turn has impacted innovation in the tech sector across Europe. The impact includes demonstrating to the ICT/technology industry and the EC the value of artists in catalysing novel approaches to innovation. Over seven years, the initiative has resulted in over a hundred funded projects and in turn impacted hundreds of individual artists, ICT experts, and affiliated companies.
In this talk, I discuss not only the S+T+ARTS initiative and my role in it, but also how my practice and research led to this role, and new directions for S+T+ARTS and myself.

The Internet of Bodies: The virtual physical blending of our bodies and our senses
In 1999, I convened the symposium/workshop Virtual Physical Bodies (at Middlesex University, UK) to bring together a small group of international performing artists creating work using remote stage connectivity (telepresence) and interactive technologies. In this talk, with reference to my practice-led research background in the body and technology (1989-present) and my long-term research theme The Internet of Bodies (http://www.internetofbodies.net), I explore:  the history of the connectivity of bodies through technologies;  the present scenario, fast forwarded by the COVID19 lockdown pandemic requirements for near universal remote digital communication;  the potential creative extensions (and issues) that are held within the future of connected bodies.
My work within creative interactive arts collectives shinkansen (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) and body>data>space (2004-present) has researched, through live installation and performative public experiences, the augmentation of the living body through digital technologies from the point of view of the living body as being central to such evolutions. This talk takes an overview of the gradual blending of our physical selves and our data selves, with references to artists, creative industries, and corporate developments in the last 40 years. It examines our shifting understanding of three key areas: (i) our identities, which are diversifying, as they become hyper-enhanced and multi-sensory; (ii) our collaborations, being enabled to deepen through co-operative connections traversing time and space; (iii) our innovations, as the requirement to be collective, transforms our ability to diversify, encouraging inclusivity.
I propose that our bodies have finally become the interface and explore the positive and negative issues in this ongoing convergence, indicated by the advancement of virtual physical hybridity tools and platforms, the new environment/s of the future 'self'. The rapid growth of the digital literacy of the public, beyond the computer arts sector, and the issues of the ownership of our personal data will be outlined in relation to the changing definitions of identity and self-hood.

Biography
Ghislaine Boddington is Creative Director of body>data>space (http://www.bodydataspace.net) and Reader in Digital Immersion at the University of Greenwich. With a background in performing arts and body technologies, Ghislaine is recognised as a pioneer in the exploration of digital intimacy, telepresence, and virtual physical blending since the early 1990s. As a curator, keynote speaker, and radio presenter, she has shared her outlook on the future human into the cultural, academic, creative industries, and corporate sectors worldwide, examining topical issues with regards to personal data usage, connected bodies and collective embodiment. Her research led practice, examining the evolution of the body as the interface, is presented under the heading The Internet of Bodies (Boddington 2021

Ernest Edmonds
De Montfort University, UK

AI, IA and Art
Artificial Intelligence or Intelligence Augmentation? This talk is presented with reference to the Heron Island series of meetings on Computational Creativity that were held over the last 30 years on that Australian island. A central concern has been to take a human-centred perspective. This goes back to a research agenda that I first announced in a joint paper at a 1970 Computer Graphics conference: "The creative process where the artist is amplified or superseded by the computer". In recent years, there has been considerable progress in creative artificial intelligence applications and the talk considers the earlier arguments in the context of that progress, re-assessing them in the light of our understandings of today.
In my book with Margaret Boden (Boden & Edmonds 2019), we spend time placing computational, IA, and AI art in context, both philosophically and historically. One point from the book is the change in attitude and perception observable in different age groups. The talk draws this out from the interviews with artists included in that book. Today, we need to understand the creative thinking, the cognitive processes, of digital natives. The best approach that we have available for this must be based on creative reflective practice, where the creative practitioner themselves articulates the processes of their thinking. The talk concludes by revisiting the developments in AI as a component of my own art and by providing pointers into the future which, I argue, has more to gain from IA than AI.  (2017), Generative Systems Art: The Work of Ernest Edmonds.

CONCLUSION
The five EVA London 2021 keynote talks were delivered online on each day of the conference from Monday to Friday, 5-9 July 2021.