In this article the author discusses the history and actions of the Igbo community, primarily via their ‘home town unions or associations’ and more recently through the activities in the diaspora of the World Igbo Congress (WIC), both to establish their presence in their adopted countries throughout the world but also, and more importantly, to maintain links with ‘home town’ communities. This takes place especially via large and small‐scale economic ventures, including capital construction projects, local investments, and occasionally local recruitment for the international market, from ‘home towns’ (often small villages) in Eastern Nigeria. The first part of the paper discusses the socio‐economic activities that Igbo ‘home town unions’ are involved in, the second discusses the historical background to these unions, the third analyses their success and what future contributions such groups might have in a rapidly ‘globalising’ world economy.
Achebe C. . 1958. . Things Fall Apart . , London : : Heinemann. .
1960. . No Longer At Ease . , London : : Heinmann. .
1964. . Arrow of God . , London : : Heinmann. .
Adi H. . 1998. . West Africans in Britain 1900–1960 . , London : : Lawrence and Wishart. .
Afigbo A. , ed. 1992. . The Image of the Igbo . , Lagos : : Vista Books. .
1981. . Ropes of Sand, Studies in Igbo History and Culture . , London : : University Press/OUP. .
Amadi E. . 1978. . Sunset in Biafra: a civil war diary . , London : : Heinemann. .
Anyanwu U and Aguwa J. . 1993. . The Igbo and the Tradition of Politics . , Ibadan : : Fourth Dimension Publishers. .
Banton M. . 1957. . West African City, A study of tribal life in Freetown . , Oxford : : OUP. .
Barnes S T. . 1975. . ‘Voluntary Associations in a Metropolis: the Case of Lagos Nigeria’. . African Studies Review . , Vol. XVIII((2))
Basden G T. . 1921. . Among the Ibos of Nigeria . , London : : Frank Cass. .
Crowder M. . 1971. . West Africa Under Colonial Rule . , London : : Hutchinson. .
Daley P. . 1998. . ‘Black Africans in Britain’. . Urban Studies . , Vol. 35((10)): 1703––1724. .
Eades J S. . 1987. . Migrants, workers and the social order . London, Tavistock :
Equiano O. . 1793. . An Interesting Narrative . , London : : Robinson and Stalker. .
Forde D and Jones G I. . 1950. . The Igbo and Ibibio Speaking Peoples of South Eastern Nigeria, Ethnographic Survey of Nigeria, Part III . , London : : London International Institute. .
Gugler J. . 1988. . The Urbanization of the Third World . , Oxford/New York : : Oxford University Press. .
1971. . ‘Life in A Dual System: Eastern Nigerians in Towns’. . Cahiers d'etudes Africaines . ,
Ikeazor C. . 1977. . Nigeria 1966: the turning point . , London : : New Millennium Press. .
Isichei E. . 1971. . A History of the Igbo People . , London : : Macmillan. .
Jones G I. . 1924. . Among the Ibos of Nigeria . , London : : Frank Cass. .
Killingray D. . 1994. . Africans in Britain . , Ilford : : Frank Cass. .
Meek C K. . 1967. . Law and Authority in an African Tribe . , Oxford : : Oxford University Press. .
Northup J. . 1978. . Trade without rulers:Pre‐colonial economic development in South Eastern Nigeria . , Oxford : : Clarendon Press. .
Nwaka G. . 1986. . “‘Urban and Industrial Culture, The Crisis of Adaptation’, Chapter 4. ”. In Ahajioku Lecture Colloquium: The Igbo Sociopolitical System . , p. 58 Owerri , , Nigeria: : Ministry of Information, Culture, Youth & Sports. .
Ohadike D C. . 1994. . Western Igbo People . , Ohio : : Ohio University Press. .
Oji A O. . 1992. . Longing for Home . , New York : : Vantage Press. .
Ojukwu E O. . 1989. . Because I am involved . , Ibadan : : Spectrum Books. .
Okin T A. . 1968. . The Urbanised Nigerian . , p. 27––30. . New York : : Exposition Press. .
Osaghae E E. . 1994. . Trends in migrant political organisations in Nigeria: The Igbo in Kano . , Dakar : : Wemilore Press (French Institute For Research in Africa IFRA). .
Ottenburg S. . 1955. . ‘Improvement Unions Among the Igbo’. . Africa . , 25 January;
Peil M. . 1991. . Lagos, the city and its people . , Boston : : G.K. Hall & Co.. .
Schwerdtfeger F W. . 1982. . Traditional Housing in African Cities . , London : : John Wiley & Sons. .
Uchendu V C. . 1965. . The Igbo of South Eastern Nigeria . , New York : : Rinehart, Holt & Winston. .
Uduku O. . 1996. . ‘The urban fabric of Igbo architecture in south‐eastern Nigeria in the 1990s’. . Habitat International . , Vol. 20((2)): 191––202. .
Uka U. . 1992. . “‘Some Aspects of Igbo Culture’. ”. Liverpool : : Department of Sociology, University of Liverpool. .
Van den Bersselaar D. . 1997. . ‘Creating “Union Ibo”: missionaries and the Igbo language’. . Africa . , Vol. 67((2)): 273––295. .
Waddell H M. . 1970. . Twenty nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa, A Review of Missionary Work and Adventure, 1829–1858 . , London : : Frank Cass. .
1961. . Olumide Olumuyiwa, ‘£2000 for College’. . West African Builder and Architect . , Vol. 1((4))
1998. . ‘Immigration Wahala, Scams, Loopholes and Dashed Hopes’. . West Africa . , 2–8 February;
World Bank. . 2000. . World Development Report . , p. 170––173. . Washington : : World Bank/Urban‐rural Partnerships. .