A central argument of this paper is that the conflicts in the Horn can be understood as a collision of geographical cycles: those established by the working out of local historical processes in the Horn; and those by the working out of historical processes at the global level, including crises in the international economy and the new Cold War. Weapons have been one of the crucial links between these cycles. They have also been central in the emergence of hegemonic cycles at the global level. Major powers aquire interests in global territory, airspace and oceans both to protect their own access to resources and to valorise their accumulation of arms and military power.
Lefort René. . 1983. . Ethiopia. An Heretical Revolution? . , London : : Zed Press. .
Halliday Fred and Molyneux Maxine. . 1981. . The Ethiopian Revolution . , London : : Verso. .
David and Ottaway Marina. . 1978. . Ethiopia, Empire in Revolution . , New York : : Africana Publishing. .
Valdes Vivo Raul. . 1978. . Ethiopia, The Unknown Revolution . , Havana : : Editorial de Ciencias Sociales. .
Markakis John and Ayele Nega. . 1978. . Class and Revolution in Ethiopia . , Nottingham : : Spokesman. .
Hiwet Addis. . 1975. . Ethiopia: From Autocracy to Revolution . , Review of African Political Economy. .
Valdelin J.. 1978. . ‘Ethiopia 1974–1977: from Anti‐feudal Revolution to Consolidation of the Bourgeois State’. . Race and Class . , Vol. 19((4))
Pankhurst Richard. . 1968. . Economic History of Ethiopia . , Addis Ababa : : Haile Selassie University Press. .
Murray Robin. . 1975. . “’Class, State and the World Economy: a Case Study of Ethiopia’. ”. IDS, University of Sussex. .
Caulk Richard. . 1969. . “‘Firearms and Princely Power in Nineteenth Century Ethiopia’. ”. Nairobi : : University of East Africa. .
Gilkes Patrick. . 1975. . The Dying Lion: Feudalism and Modernisation in Ethiopia . , New York : : St. Martins. .
Levine Donald N.. 1968. . “‘The Military in Ethiopian Politics: Capabilities and Constraints’. ”. In The Military Intervenes . , Edited by: Bienen Henry. . New York : : Russell Sage. .
Aged Middle. . 1978–79. . ‘The PMAC, Origins and Structure’. . Ethiopianist Notes . , Vol. 2((3))
1979. . North East African Studies . , Vol. 1((1))
Caulk Richard. . 1978. . ‘The Army and Society in Ethiopia’. . Ethiopianist Notes . , Vol. 1((3))
Nelson Harold D. and Kaplan Irving. . 1980. . Ethiopia. A Country Study . , Washington : : The American University. .
Stockholm International Peace Research Association. . SIPRI Yearbooks . , London : : Taylor and Francis for SIPRI. .
International Institute of Strategic Studies. . The Military Balance . , London : : IISS. .
Brzoska Michael. . 1982. . ‘Arms Transfer Data Sources’. . Journal of Conflict Resolution . , Vol. 26((1)) March;
Brzoska Michael. . 1981. . ‘The Reporting of Military Expenditures’. . Journal of Peace Research . , Vol. 18((3))
Greenfield Richard. . 1983. . ‘The Oromos, Ethiopia's Unacknowledged Problem’. . Horn of Africa . ,
Smith Gayle and Firebrace James. . 1978. . ‘A Reassessment of Ethiopian‐Somali Conflict’. . Horn of Africa . , Vol. 1((3)) July‐September;
Lewis I.M.. , ed. 1983. . National Self‐Determination in the Horn of Africa . , London : : Ithaca Press. .
Lewis I.M.. 1980. . A Modern History of Somaliland . , London : : Longmans. .
Tucker Jonathan B.. 1982. . ‘The Politics of Refugees in Somalia’. . Horn of Africa . , Vol. 5((3))
Employment Advisory Mission to Ethiopia. . 1982. . Socialism for the Grass Roots, Accumulation, Employment and Equity in Ethiopia . Addis Ababa :