Precisely because Zambians were so educationally disadvantaged during the colonial period, the provision of schooling was given high priority by the post‐independence government. Education was seen as a right, as one of the fruits of independence, as well as a means by which the skills necessary to promote development could be imparted. While enormous strides were made, enormous difficulties were also encountered. As Musambachime notes, high rates of population growth necessarily put pressure on educational budgets. But while Zambia shares this problem with many other developing countries, its difficulties have been exacerbated by the particularly extreme economic crisis the country has suffered. The consequence has been a worrying decline in the quality of education provided and in the proportion of the student population served.
New Economic Recovery Programme. . July 1987‐December 1988. 1987 . Interim National Development Plan . July 1987‐December 1988. ,
Ministry of General Education and Culture. . 1983. . Educational Statistics .
National Commission for Development and Planning. . 1985. . Economic Report 1984 .
National Commission for Development and Planning. . 1987. . Economic Report 1986–1987 Annual Plan .
Ministry of Higher Education. . 1989. . Science and Technology . , New Policy Measures for the Financing of Higher Education. .
Nyaywa S.L. and Banda M.F.C.. 1985. . ‘Demographic Factors and Their Importance in Planning of Health Services’. In: . papers presented to the National Seminar on Dissemination and Utilisation of the 1980 Population and Housing Census Data; . November 29– 1985 ; , Lusaka . . Mulungushi Hall. .
Chidumayo E.N.. 1979. . ‘Environment and Development in Zambia’. In: . Procedings of the National Seminar on Environment and Development; . . 1979 ; . pp.p. 9––18. . Zambia Geographical Association Occasional Study. .
Jackman Mary Elisabeth. . 1973. . Recent Population Movements in Zambia: Some Aspects of the 1969 Census . , University of Zambia, Institute for African Studies. .
Musambachime M.C.. ‘Population Growth, Development and Conservation’. . Professors of World Peace Academy Journal . ,
Ohadike P.. 1981. . Demographic Perspectives in Zambia Rural‐Urban Growth and Social Change . , University of Zambia, Institute for African Studies. .
Lungu G.F.. 1985. . ‘Elites, Incrementalism and Educational Policy‐Making in Post‐Indepdndence Zambia’. . Comparative Education . , Vol. 21((3))
Lungwangwa G. and Maimbolwa‐Sinyangwe I.. July. . ‘Population Growth, the Child and Problems of Educational Provision in Zambia’. In: . paper presented to the Professors World Peace Academy; . . July ; , Livingstone . . Zambia Chapter. .
Musambachime M.C.. 1990. . ‘Impact of a Changing Economic Environment on Education Provision: Formulation and Implementation of Education Policies: the Case of Zambia, 1964–1989’. In: . Paper presented at a Seminar Organised by the Institute for Southern African Studies; . May 25– 1990 ; , Roma , Lesotho.
Musambachime M.C.. 1990. . The Impact of the Structural Adjustment Policies on Education: the Case of Zambia, 1979–1989’. . Geneve‐Afrique . ,
Mwanakatwe J.M.. 1971. . The Growth of Education in Zambia Since Independence . Lusaka :
Small N.J.. 1977. . ‘Alternative Educational Systems: the Zambian Proposals’. . Prospects . , Vol. 8((1))
Hall R.. 1973. . High Price of Principles: Kaunda and the White South . Harmondsworth :
Ollawa P.. 1979. . Participatory Democracy . Devon :
Pettman J.. 1974. . Zambia: Security and Conflict . Dorset :
1986. . Zambia: Country Review of Aid . Oslo :