- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: found
Is there a Bin Laden in the Audience? Considering the Events of September 11 as a Possible Boomerang Effect of the Globalization of US Mass Communication
Abstract
The images of America exported by entertainment and information media companies have created very high expectations in foreign audiences. Some recipients overhearing American media want to immigrate to the US and/or study in Western universities. In the process, a few of them encounter difficulties deceiving their high expectations. Their frustrations have been exploited by some fanatic ideologues for their own agendas, resulting in anti-American terrorism. The American media should be aware of the unintended consequences of their global exhibition of media, and more careful attention should be given to the way immigrants or graduate students sojourning in the US live their day-to-day encounters.
Content
Author and article information
References
Tunstall Jeremy. . 1977. . The Media an American, Anglo-American Media in the World . , London : : Constable. .
Thussu Daya Kishan. . 2000. . International Communication, Continuity and Change . , London : : Arnold. .
Ravault René-jean. . 1993. . “'Communication dans le monde, un rêve américain …'. ”. In Dictionnaire critique de la communication . , Edited by: Sfez Lucien. . Vol. Vol. 1. , p. 73––86. . Paris : : Presses Universitaiores de France. .
Appadurai Arjun. . 1996. . Modernity at Large, Cultural Dimensions of Globatization . , Minneapolis : : University of Minnesota Press. .
Thayer Lee. . 1968. . Communication and Communication Systems . , Homewood , IL : : Richard D. Irwin. .
Hofstede Geert. . 1991. . Culture and Organizations, Software of the mind . , McGraw HiIl International , , UK: : Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival. .
Giddens Anthony. . 1999-2000. . Runaway World . , p. 32––33. . New York : : Routledge. .
Casmir Fred. , ed. 1991. . Communication in Development . , Norwood , NJ : : Ablex. .
Rist Gilbert. . 1996. . Le developpement, histoire d'une croyance occidentale . , Paris : : Presses de Sciences Po.. .
Barker Chris. . 1999. . Television, Globatization and Cultural Identities . , Philadelphia , PA : : Open University Press. .
Lerner Daniel. . 1964. . The Passing of Traditional Society, Modernizing the Middle East . , New York : : The Free Press. .
Schramm Wilbur. . 1964. . Mass Media and National Development . , Stanford , CA : : Stanford University Press. .
2002. . Newsweek . , March 4;: 24
www.new-yorker.com/FACT/?020204fa_FACT (www.new-yorker.com/FACT/?020204fa_FACT)
Shils Edward A. and Janowitz Morris. . 1966. . “'Cohesion and disintegration in the Wehrmacht'. ”. In Reader in Public Opinion and Communication, . , 2nd edition. , Edited by: Berelson Bernard and Janowitz Morris. . p. 402––17. . New York : : The Free Press. .
Hall Stuart. . 1980. . “'Encoding and decoding in the television discourse'. ”. In Culture, Media, Language . , Edited by: Hall, Hobson, Low and Willies. . London : : Hutchinson. .
Mowlana Hamid. . 1979. . 'Technology versus tradition: communication in the Iranian revolution'. . Journal of Communication . , : 107––12. .
Tehranian Majid. . 1982. . 'Development theories and messianic ideologies: dependency, communication and democracy in the Third World'. In: . paper presented at the International Association for Mass Communication Research Conference; . . 1982 ; , Paris .
Todorov Tzvetan. . 1982. . La conquête de l'Amérique . , Seuil, Paris : : La question de l'autre. .
Ravault Renéjean. . 1980. . Some Possible Economic Dysfunctions of the Anglo-American Practice of International Communications . , Iowa City : : The University of Iowa. .
1981. . 'Information flow, which way is the wrong viay?'. . Journal of Communication . , Vol. 31((4)): 129––34. .
1985. . 'Resisting media imperialism by coerseduction'. . Intermedia . , Vol. 13((3)): 32––37. .
Paletz David. , ed. 1996. . “'International information: bullet or boomerang?'. ”. In Political Communication Research: Approaches, Studies, Assessments . , Vol. Vol. 2. , Norwood , NJ : : Ablex. .