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JUST ANOTHER PIECE OF PLASTIC FOR YOUR WALLET: THE ‘AUSTRALIA CARD’ SCHEME
Abstract
During 1985–87 the Australian Government developed a proposal for a national identification scheme. With public concern about the scheme's implications increasing, the Australia Card Bill was defeated in the Senate in November 1986 and again in April 1987. This paper outlines the proposal, and comments on its technical features, its economics, its implications and its prospects.
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NOTES AND REFERENCES
HIC1, An Outline Plan Prepared for the [First] Inter-Departmental Committee on National Identification, Health Insurance Commission, May 1985, esp. p.3, 2.2 and p.4, 2.7.
IDC1, Report of the [First] Inter-Departmental Committee on the National Identity System (or similar), Department of Health, June 1985 (unpublished).
Treasury, Draft White Paper: Reform of the Australian Tax System, A.G.P.S., June 1985, pp.39–40.
Minister for Health, ‘Australia Card’, advertising brochure, July 1985.
HIC2, Establishment and Administration of a National Identification System: The Australia Card Program: Interim Planning Report, August 1985, esp. p.57, D1.2.
IDC2, The National Identity System: Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee established to develop legislative requirements and other aspects necessary to complete the detailed implementation of the National Identity System (NIS), Department of Health, August 1985 (published December 1985) esp. pp.12–13, 314.
Treasury, Reform of the Australian Taxation System: Statement by the Treasurer, A.G.P.S., September 1985, pp.28–31.
Department of Health, Towards Fairness and Equity: the Australia Card Program, 6 February 1986.
HIC3, Planning Report of the Health Insurance Commission, 26 February 1986.
Official Hansard Report of the Joint Select Committee on an Australia Card, 17 December 1985 to 1 April 1986 (21 vols. of Proceedings, Submissions and Incorporated Documents, 5637 pp.). See in particular: Australian Computer Society (W.A.), S.I.G. on Social Implications, pp.3084–3138; Australian Computer Society, Governor, Community Affairs Board, pp.2912; S729–35; Australian Computer Society, President, pp.2913–47, S1064–67; Australians for Social Responsibility in Computing, pp.S1123-28; C. J. Barter (Professor of Computer Science), pp.2948–72; R. A. Clarke (Reader in Information Systems), pp.312–434, S146–344; Confederation of Australian Industry, pp.3994–4024; F.X. Costigan (Q.C. and former Royal Commissioner), pp.1200–1232; G.W. Greenleaf (Lecurer in Law), pp.S879–99, 1454–36; Law Council of Australia, pp.3882–930; L.G. Lawrence (computer security consultant), pp.515–21; N.S.W. Privacy Committee, pp.536–594, S368-525. See also P.D. Groenewegen (Professor of Economics), pp.3483–543.
Report of the Joint Select Committee on an Australia Card, May 1986 (2 vols.). See in particular: Addendum by Senator Puplick, pp.155–211.
Australia Card Bill, 1986.
Privacy Bill, 1986.
Australian Parliamentary Debates on the Australia Card Bill (No.1): Second Reading Debate, House of Representative: 22 October 1986; 13 November 1986, pp.2996–3019, 3069–3121; 14 November 1986, pp.3123–3147. Discussion of a Matter of Public Importance, House of Representatives, 17 November, pp.3207–3217; and Second Reading Debate, Senate: 17 November 1986, pp.2305–2311; 9 December 1986, pp.3590–3622, 3628–3646; and 10 December 1986, pp.3659–3691, 3703–3762.
Australian Parliamentary Debates on the Australia Card Bill (No.2): Second Reading Debate, House of Representatives: 18 March 1987, pp.1054–1060; 24 March 1987, pp. 1392–1434; and 25 March 1987, pp. 1447–1472, 1499–1508, and Second Reading Debate, Senate: 26 March 1987, pp. 1352–1357; 30 March 1987, pp.1502–1506; 1 April 1987, pp.1568–1594, 1640–1643, 1651–1672; and 2 April 1987, pp.1710–1715, 1743–1790.
R. A. Clarke, A National Identification Scheme for Australia?, Xamax Consultancy Pty. Ltd., July 1985.
R. A. Clarke, ‘The National Identification Scheme: costs and benefits’ and commentary by J. Logan, CIS Policy Report, 2, 1, February 1986.
R. A. Clarke, ‘Information Technology and ‘Dataveillance’ ‘, Proceedings of Symposium on Computers & Social Responsibility. Macquarie University Department of Computer Science, September 1986 and working paper, January 1987, available from the author.
R. A. Clarke, ‘The Proposed Australian Implementation of the OECD Privacy Guidelines’, Working Paper, January 1987.
U.S. Federal Advisory Committee on False Identification (FACFI), The Criminal Use of False Identification, FACFI, 1976.
Gallup Poll, Findings of July 1985, March 1986, August 1986 and December 1986.
P. Graham, ‘The Australia Card: a burden rather than a relief?’ Australian Quarterly, 58, 1 (Autumn 1986), pp.4–14.
G.W. Greenleaf and J. Nolan, ‘The deceptive history of the Australia Card’, Australian Quarterly, 58, 4 (Summer 1986), pp.407–425.
N.S.W. Privacy Committee, Privacy Bulletin, 1, 2 (July 1985); 2, 1 (July 1986).
N.S.W. Privacy Committee, Privacy Issues and the Proposed National Identification Scheme — a Special Report, March 1986.
G. de Q. Walker, ‘Information as power: constitutional implications of the identity numbering and ID Card proposal’, Queensland Law Society Journal, 16, (June 1986), p. 153.