SCIENCE R&amp;D AND IMPLEMENTATION: PROBLEMS OF COMMERCIALISING SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT IN AUSTRALIA

Renner, John W.

doi:10.1080/08109029208629110

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Prometheus

Volume 10, Issue 2

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SCIENCE R&D AND IMPLEMENTATION: PROBLEMS OF COMMERCIALISING SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT IN AUSTRALIA

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Author(s): John Renner

Publication date (Print): December 1992

Journal: Prometheus

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: Implementation, innovation, feedback, mutual adaptation

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Abstract

Simply defined, implementation is the process of putting into practice something new to those attempting change. More accurately, however, from both a theoretical and practical perspective it is better described as a cluster of co-dependent processes involving knowledge acquisition, management and support, trialling, feedback and mutual adaption. This paper considers the potential influence of scientists and technologists on implementation. It is argued that there is scope, even a responsibility, for scientists to participate more fully in the productive cycle beyond R&D.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): cpro20

Journal ID (archive): CPRO

Title: Prometheus

Subtitle: Critical Studies in Innovation

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 0810-9028

ISSN (Electronic): 1470-1030

Publication date (Print): December 1992

Volume: 10

Issue: 2

Pages: 227-238

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Article

Publisher ID: 8629110 Coden ID: Prometheus, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1992: pp. 227–238

DOI: 10.1080/08109029208629110

SO-VID: aac901f3-ab9f-45cb-8ee9-239bbaff7ed3

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, References: 32, Pages: 12

NOTES AND REFERENCES

Kuhn T. S.. 1970. . The Structure of Scientific Revolutions . , 2nd ed. , Chicago : : University of Chicago Press. .
Jevons F.. 1990. . ‘Toward a state science policy’. . Search . , Vol. 21((2)): 50––2. .
A. Dickensen, ‘Home truths from a scientist abroad’, Australian, 26 February, 1992.
One Nation, A statement by the Prime Minister, 26 February, 1992.
Schulz R. L.. 1987. . ‘Strategy and tactics in a process model’. . Interfaces . , Vol. 17((3)): 34––46. .
O'Connor E. J.. 1990. . ‘Implementing new technology’. . Journal of High Technology Management Research . , Vol. 1((1)): 69––89. .
Bringing the Market to Bear on Research, Report of the task Force on the Commercialisation of Research, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, November, 1991.
The Global Challenge, Australian Manufacturing in the 1990's, Final report of the Pappas Carter Evans and Koop/Telesis study, Australian Manufacturing Council, 1990.
Industrial Research in Australia, a report of the Research Committee of the Industry Research and Development Board, 15 October, 1990; IR&D Board Annual Report, 1990-91, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, September, 1991.
IR&D Board, ibid., p. 13.
ibid, p. ix.
Centre for Technology and Social Change, Technology Strategies in Australian Industry, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1990.
G. Majone and A. Wildavsky, ‘Implementation as evolution; exorcising the ghosts’, in The Implementation Machine, Russell Sage Discussion Papers, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1978, p. 103.
E.M. Rogers and F.F. Shoemaker, Communication of Innovations, Free Press, New York, 1971; D.L. Clark and E.G. Guba, ‘An examination of potential change roles in education’, quoted in E.R. House, The Politics of Educational Innovation, McCutcheon, Berkeley, California, 1974; and R.G. Havelock, Planning for Innovation through the Dissemination and Utilisation of Knowledge, Center of Research and Utilisation of Scientific Knowledge, Ann Arbor, 1969.
Majone and Wildavsky, op. cit.
Fullan M.. 1982. . The Meaning of Educational Change . , p. 54 New York : : Teachers College Press. .
Berman P.. 1978. . ‘The study of macro and micro implementation’. . Public Policy . , Vol. 26((2)): 157––84. .
M. Tyler, Personal Communication.
Holt K.. 1987. . “‘The role of the user in product innovation’. ”. In Innovation, Adaptation and Growth . , Edited by: Rothwell R. and Bessant J.. p. 81––92. . Amsterdam : : Elsevier Science Publishers. .
Barclay I. and Lunt P. J.. 1987. . “‘Successful management of the introduction of new technology’. ”. In Innovation, Adaptation and Growth . , Edited by: Rothwell R. and Bessant J.. p. 81––92. . Amsterdam : : Elsevier Science Publishers. .
Barclay and Lunt, op. cit.
Edosomwan J. A.. 1989. . Integrating Innovation and Technology Management . , New York : : Wiley. .
Edosomwan, op. cit., p. 88.
Gaynor, op. cit., p. 850.
Edosomwan, op. cit., p. 88.
Renner J. M.. 1989. . Technology in the marketplace: the contribution of implementation to planned technological change . , Perth : : Edith Cowan University. .
Keen P. G.. 1991. . Shaping the Future Business Design through Information Technology . , Harvard : : Harvard Business School Press. .
Measures of Science and Innovation 3, a report in a series on Australia's research and technology and their utilisation, DITAC, AGPS, Canberra, 1992. This figure represents a ten-fold increase at current prices since 1968–69.
Western Australian Monthly Labour Market Review, February, 1992.
B. Lawrence, Universities as Partners: taking the danger out of liaison, inaugural professorial lecture, Edith Cowan University, 14 November, 1991.
P. G. Keen, op. cit.
Scitech, 12, 6, 1992, pp. 3–4

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Kuhn T. S.. 1970. . The Structure of Scientific Revolutions . , 2nd ed. , Chicago : : University of Chicago Press. .

[2] Jevons F.. 1990. . ‘Toward a state science policy’. . Search . , Vol. 21((2)): 50––2. .

[3] A. Dickensen, ‘Home truths from a scientist abroad’, Australian, 26 February, 1992.

[4] One Nation, A statement by the Prime Minister, 26 February, 1992.

[5] Schulz R. L.. 1987. . ‘Strategy and tactics in a process model’. . Interfaces . , Vol. 17((3)): 34––46. .

[6] O'Connor E. J.. 1990. . ‘Implementing new technology’. . Journal of High Technology Management Research . , Vol. 1((1)): 69––89. .

[7] Bringing the Market to Bear on Research, Report of the task Force on the Commercialisation of Research, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, November, 1991.

[8] The Global Challenge, Australian Manufacturing in the 1990's, Final report of the Pappas Carter Evans and Koop/Telesis study, Australian Manufacturing Council, 1990.

[9] Industrial Research in Australia, a report of the Research Committee of the Industry Research and Development Board, 15 October, 1990; IR&D Board Annual Report, 1990-91, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, September, 1991.

[10] IR&D Board, ibid., p. 13.

[11] ibid, p. ix.

[12] Centre for Technology and Social Change, Technology Strategies in Australian Industry, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1990.

[13] G. Majone and A. Wildavsky, ‘Implementation as evolution; exorcising the ghosts’, in The Implementation Machine, Russell Sage Discussion Papers, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1978, p. 103.

[14] E.M. Rogers and F.F. Shoemaker, Communication of Innovations, Free Press, New York, 1971; D.L. Clark and E.G. Guba, ‘An examination of potential change roles in education’, quoted in E.R. House, The Politics of Educational Innovation, McCutcheon, Berkeley, California, 1974; and R.G. Havelock, Planning for Innovation through the Dissemination and Utilisation of Knowledge, Center of Research and Utilisation of Scientific Knowledge, Ann Arbor, 1969.

[15] Majone and Wildavsky, op. cit.

[16] Fullan M.. 1982. . The Meaning of Educational Change . , p. 54 New York : : Teachers College Press. .

[17] Berman P.. 1978. . ‘The study of macro and micro implementation’. . Public Policy . , Vol. 26((2)): 157––84. .

[18] M. Tyler, Personal Communication.

[19] Holt K.. 1987. . “‘The role of the user in product innovation’. ”. In Innovation, Adaptation and Growth . , Edited by: Rothwell R. and Bessant J.. p. 81––92. . Amsterdam : : Elsevier Science Publishers. .

[20] Barclay I. and Lunt P. J.. 1987. . “‘Successful management of the introduction of new technology’. ”. In Innovation, Adaptation and Growth . , Edited by: Rothwell R. and Bessant J.. p. 81––92. . Amsterdam : : Elsevier Science Publishers. .

[21] Barclay and Lunt, op. cit.

[22] Edosomwan J. A.. 1989. . Integrating Innovation and Technology Management . , New York : : Wiley. .

[23] Edosomwan, op. cit., p. 88.

[24] Gaynor, op. cit., p. 850.

[25] Edosomwan, op. cit., p. 88.

[26] Renner J. M.. 1989. . Technology in the marketplace: the contribution of implementation to planned technological change . , Perth : : Edith Cowan University. .

[27] Keen P. G.. 1991. . Shaping the Future Business Design through Information Technology . , Harvard : : Harvard Business School Press. .

[28] Measures of Science and Innovation 3, a report in a series on Australia's research and technology and their utilisation, DITAC, AGPS, Canberra, 1992. This figure represents a ten-fold increase at current prices since 1968–69.

[29] Western Australian Monthly Labour Market Review, February, 1992.

[30] B. Lawrence, Universities as Partners: taking the danger out of liaison, inaugural professorial lecture, Edith Cowan University, 14 November, 1991.

[31] P. G. Keen, op. cit.

[32] Scitech, 12, 6, 1992, pp. 3–4