Within management, innovation and industrial relations literature worldwide there has been widespread debate over new emerging models of best practice production and their implications for global manufacturing. This has been particularly prominent in discussions of post-Fordist and lean production production regimes. This paper extends this discussion beyond industrial relations and management debates and into the sphere of new approaches to production technology design and implementation. The paper provides an outline of the positive European challenge to lean production models provided by skill based design and automation principles and initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to assist the introduction of this orientation to a broader audience by summarising its key components and discussing its international relevance.
Badham R. and Mathews J.. 1989. . ‘The new production systems debate’. . Labour and Industry . , Vol. 2((2)): 194––246. .
Streeck W.. 1987. . ‘Industrial relations and industrial change: The restructuring of the world automobile industry in the 1970s and 1980s’. . Economic and Industrial Democracy . , Vol. 8:: 437––62. .
Sorge A. and Streeck W.. 1988. . “‘Industrial relations and technical change; The case for an extended perspective’. ”. In New Technology and Industrial Relations . , Edited by: Hyman R. and Streeck W.. Oxford : : Blackwell. .
See J. Child, ‘Managerial strategies, new technology and the labour process’, in D. Knights, H. Willmott and D. Collinson (eds), Job Redesign: Critical Perspectives on the Labour Process, Gower, London, 1985.
Sec D. Mackenzie and J. Wajcman (eds), The Social Shaping of Technology, Open University Press, 1985; R. Badham, ‘Systems, networks and configurations’. International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing, Special Edition, January 1993 (in press); R. Kling, ‘Computerisation and social transformations’, Science, Technology and Human Values, 16, 3, 1991, pp. 342–67; B. Pfaffenberger, ‘The social meaning of the personal computer: Or, Why the personal computer revolution was no revolution’, Anthropological Quarterly, 1989, pp. 113–27; M. Lynne Markus, Systems, Bugs and features, Cambridge University Press, 1985; and I. McLoughlin and J. Clark, Technological Change at Work, Open University Press, Milton Keynes, 1988.
See R. Badham and B. Schallock, ‘Human factors in CIM development: A human centred view from Europe’, International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing, 1, 2, 1991, pp. 121–41; R. Badham, ‘Computer integrated manufacturing: The social dimension. A comment’, International Labour Review, 130, 3, November 1991, pp. 373–92.
See C. Clegg and G. Symon, A Review of Human-Centred Manufacturing Technology and a Framework for its Design and Evaluation, MRC/ESRC Social and Applied Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield, Memo. No. 1036, 1989.
S. Zuboff, In the Age of the Smart Machine, Heinemann, New York, 1988.
See P. Brödner, ‘In search of the computer aided craftsman’ AI and Society, 3, 1989, pp. 39–46; H. Gottschalch, ‘Examples of human-centred work design in CIM structures’, paper presented to the International Federation of Automatic Control Symposium on Skill Based Automated Production, Vienna, November 1989; Rosenbrock, op cit.; and D. Noble, Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation, Knopf, New York, 1984.
Perrow C.. 1983. . ‘The organisational context of human factors engineering’. . Administrative Science Quarterly . , Vol. 28:: 540
Rosenbrock H.. 1989. . Designing Human-Centred Technology: A Cross Disciplinary Project in Computer Aided Manufacturing . , p. x London : : Springer. .
Burns T. and Stalker G.. 1961. . The Management of Innovation . , London : : Tavistock. .
Streeck W.. 1991. . “‘On the institutional preconditions of diversified quality production’. ”. In Beyond Keynesianism: The Socioeconomics of Production and Full Employment . , Edited by: Matzner E. and Streeck W.. Brookfield , Vermont : : Elgar. .
McGregor D.. 1960. . The Human Side of Enterprise . , Harmondsworth : : Penguin. .
Badham R.. 1992. . Anthropocentric Systems and the Australian Production Culture . , Brussels : : European Commission Monitor/FAST Report. .
Susman G. and Chase R.. 1986. . ‘A sociotechnical analysis of the integrated factory’. . Journal of Applied Behavioural Science . , Vol. 22:: 257––70. .
Badham and Mathews, op. cit.
Kelley J. E.. 1982. . Scientific Management: Job Redesign and Work Performance . , New York : : Academic Press. .
Bengtsson L.. 1992. . ‘Work organisation and occupational development in CIM: The case of Swedish NC machine shops’. . New Technology, Work and Employment . , Vol. 7((1)) Spring;
Sorge and Streeck, op cit.
Warner M., Wobbe W. and Brödner P.. 1990. . New Technology and Manufacturing Management: Strategic Choices for Flexible Production Systems . , Chichester : : Wiley. .
Ehn P.. 1988. . Work Oriented Design of Computer Artefacts . , Stockholm : : Arbetslivcentrum. . op. cit.
Womack J., Jones D. and Roos D.. 1990. . The Machine that Changed the World: The Triumph of Lean Production . , New York : : Rawson Macmillan. .
Badham, 1991, op. cit.
See K. Dohse, U Jurgens and T. Malch, ‘From ‘Fordism’ to Toyotaism’?: The social organisation of the labour process in the Japanese automobile industry’. Politics and Society, 14, 2, 1985, pp. 115–46; C. Berggren, Lean Production: The End of History?, STA Working Paper Series, University of Wollongong, June 1992.
Sewell G. and Wilkinson B.. 1992. . Someone to watch over me: surveillance, discipline, and the just-in-time labour process'. . Sociology . , Vol. 26((2)): 271––89. .
Zuboff, op. cit.
Womack, Jones and Roos, op. cit.
P. Zipkin, ‘Does manufacturing need a JIT revolution’, Harvard Business Review, 36, January-February 1991, pp. 40–50.
Klein J.. 1990. . ‘A re-examination of autonomy in light of new manufacturing practices’. . Human Relations . , Vol. 43:: 123––37. .
Friedman A.. 1977. . Industry and Labour . , London : : Macmillan. .
Badham, 1992, op cit.
Dankbaar B.. 1990. . “‘International competition and national institutions: The case of the automobile industry’. ”. In New Explorations in the Economics of Technological Change . , Edited by: Freeman C. and Soete L.. London : : Pinter. . op cit.
See Streeck, 1987a, op cit M. Elam, ‘Markets and morals,’ unpublished monograph, ADD-TECH Program, University of Linköping, Sweden, 1992.
This is an area of research currently being undertaken by the author in an Australian-German collaborative project to introduce production islands into Australian companies. See R. Badham, ‘Smart manufacturing techniques: Project outline’, Research proposal submitted to the Department of Industry, Technology and Commerce, Canberra, May 1992.
Streeck W.. 1987. . ‘The uncertainties of management in the management of uncertainty: Employers, labour relations and industrial adjustment in the 1980s’. . Work, Unemployment and Society . , Vol. 1((3)): 75––92. .
Piore C. and Sabel C.. 1988. . The Second Industrial Divide . , London : : Heinemann. . Prospects for Anthropocentric Production Systems in Less Industrialised Member States
Katzenstein P.. 1987. . Policy and Politics in West Germany: The Growth of a Semi-Sovereign State . , Philadelphia : : Temple University Press. .
Streeck, 1991, op cit.
Nelson R. and Rosenberg N.. 1992. . National Systems of Innovation . , Oxford : : Oxford University Press. .
See R. Badham, ‘Skill based automation: Promotional issues for less industrialised countries’, International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing and Hybrid Automation, Institut fuer Arbeit und Technik, Gelsenkirchen, Germany. August 1992; R. Badham, ‘Guest Editorial: Technology, Work and Culture’, AI and Society, 5, 1991. pp. 263–76.