2,120
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    9
    shares

      If you have found this article useful and you think it is important that researchers across the world have access, please consider donating, to ensure that this valuable collection remains Open Access.

      Arab Studies Quarterly is published by Pluto Journals, an Open Access publisher. This means that everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles from our international collection of social science journalsFurthermore Pluto Journals authors don’t pay article processing charges (APCs).

      scite_
       
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Paving a Concrete Path to Globalization with China's Belt and Road Initiative Through the Middle East

      Published
      research-article
      Bookmark

            Abstract

            This article discusses China's economic development and political influence in the Middle East, and the construction of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It also discusses Xi Jinping's vision for relationships with the Middle East states as its natural partners, the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF), the law of value, and the antagonistic contradictions China will encounter in its path to accumulation with US hegemony in the region.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Journal
            10.2307/j50005550
            arabstudquar
            Arab Studies Quarterly
            Pluto Journals
            0271-3519
            2043-6920
            1 January 2019
            : 41
            : 1 ( doiID: 10.13169/arabstudquar.41.issue-1 )
            : 7-32
            Article
            arabstudquar.41.1.0007
            10.13169/arabstudquar.41.1.0007
            5bcb11c7-204c-4964-b63a-fe95b045a13b
            © 2019 The Center for Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Custom metadata
            eng

            Social & Behavioral Sciences
            Belt and Road Initiative,hegemony,natural partners,accumulation,law of value,China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF)

            References

            1. Abdullah, Hisham Sharaf. (2018, November 28). “U.S. Fighting a Proxy War in Yemen.” London: Amanpour and Company, PBS.

            2. Aglietta, Michel. (1979 [1976]). A Theory of Capitalist Regulation. London: New Left Books.

            3. Ahmad, Meher and Masood, Salman. (2018, November 24). “Attack Targets Influence of Chinese in Pakistan.” The New York Times, A6.

            4. Amin, Samir. (1978). The Law of Value and Historical Materialism. New York: Monthly Review Press.

            5. Amin, Samir. (1995). “Fifty Years is Enough!” Monthly Review, 46(11), 8–50.

            6. Amin, Samir. (2018). Modern Imperialism, Monopoly Finance Capital, and Marx's Law of Value. New York: Monthly Review Press.

            7. Babones, Salvatore. (2018, April 12). “A Stronger Xi Jinping Uses The Boao Forum for Asia to Relaunch His Economic Agenda for China.” Forbes contributor, www.forbes.com.

            8. Baker, Peter and Davis, Julie Hirschfeld. (2016, September 13). “U.S. Finalizes Deal to Give Israel $38 Billion in Military Aid.” The New York Times, www.newyorktimes.com.

            9. Bennis, Phyllis. (2018, December 20). “The Bombings Will Continue: Phyllis Bennis Warns U.S. Military Role in Syria is Not Actually Ending.” Democracy Now, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tq3ebMQOZ-4.

            10. Berlinger, Joshua. (2018, December 13). “China Detains 2nd Canadian in Response to the Arrest of Meng Wanzhou, CFO of Huawei.” CNN World, A1.

            11. Bijian, Zheng. (2005). “China's ‘Peaceful Rise’ to Great-Power Status.” Foreign Affairs, 84(5), 18–24.

            12. Bloomberg LP News. (2018, November 4). “Euben Paracuellas-Nomura, Chief Asean Economist.” Key Takeaways from Xi Jinping's Speech in Shanghai, A1.

            13. Bloomberg News. (2018, August 7). “Discussions of China as the ‘Savior’ of Globalization.” www.bloombergnews.com.

            14. Burbach, Roger and Robinson, William I. (1999). “Globalization as Epochal Shift.” Science and Society, 63(1), 10–39.

            15. Burchell, Graham. (1991). “Peculiar Interests: Civil Society and Governing ‘the System of Natural Liberty.'” In Eds., Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller, The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 119–150.

            16. Cameron, Gary. (2016, September 14). “Ten Billion Military Aid Package to Israel.” Reuters, www.nytimes.com.

            17. Campbell, Kurt M. and Ratner, Ely. (2018, March/April). “The China Reckoning: How Beijing Defied American Expectations.” Foreign Affairs, 97(2), 60–70.

            18. Center for Biological Diversity Newsletter. No. 962. (2018, December 13). “Adverse Affects of Trump's Proposal to Gut the Clean Water Act.” Tucson, AZ: Center for Biological Diversity.

            19. Chaibong, Hahm. (2018, September/October). “China's Future Is South Korea's Present: Why Liberalization Will Follow Stagnation.” Foreign Affairs, 97(5), 177–185.

            20. Clark, Colonel Wesley. (2007, October 3). Democracy Now, www.democracynow.org.

            21. Daniels, Owen. (2018, August 28). “How China Is Trying to Dominate the Middle East.” The National Interest, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/how-china-trying-dominate-middle-east-29922.

            22. Dorsey, James. (2018, May 3). “How China Gets Sucked Into The Middle East.” The Globalist-Rethinking Globalization, https://www.theglobalist.com/middle-east-china-russia-syria-oil/.

            23. Economy, Elizabeth C. (2018, May/June). “China's New Revolution: The Reign of Xi Jinping.” Foreign Affairs, 97(3), 60–74.

            24. Finamore, Barbara. (2018). Will China Save the Planet. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

            25. Frank, Robert. (2017, November 14). “Richest One Percent Now Owns Half the World's Wealth,” www.cnbc.com.

            26. Fulton, Jonathan. (2018, July 14). “For China, the Belt and Road Run Through the Middle East.” South China Morning Post, www.scmp.com.

            27. Gibson-Neff, Thomas and Mashal, Mujib. (2018, December 20). “Trump Orders Military to Start Withdrawing 7,000 Troops from Afghanistan.” The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/afghanistan-troop-withdrawal.html.

            28. Gibson-Neff, Thomas and Schmitt, Eric. (2018, December 21). “Pentagon Considers Using Special Forces to Continue Mission in Syria.” The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/21/us/politics/pentagon-syria-iraq-kurds.html.

            29. Gomez, Jim and Wright, Stephen. (2018, November 17). “VP Mike Pence and Chinese President Xi Jinping Threw Verbal Jabs at Each Other in Dueling Speeches at APEC Summit.” Associated Press - Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/china-us-pence-speeches-apec-summit-2018–11?IR=T.

            30. Gordon, Colin. (1991), “Government Rationality: An Introduction.” In Eds., Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller, The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1–52.

            31. Griffin, Rod. (2018). “China Steps Up on Climate.” Environmental Defense Fund Solutions, 49(2), 6.

            32. Grossmann, Henryk. (1992 [1929]). The Law of Accumulation. London: Pluto Press.

            33. Huffpost (2018, October 18). “Trump Says We Have 450 Billion of Orders of Things from Saudi Arabia.” News and Politics, www.huffingtonpost.com.

            34. Huffpost (2018, November 28). “U.S. Farms Are Going Bankrupt at an Alarming Rate. Morning Email.” News Shorts, www.huffingtonpost.com.

            35. Huffpost (2018, November 30). “Japan Preparing Order for 100 US F-35 Stealth Fighter Jets. Morning Email.” News Shorts, www.huffingtonpost.com.

            36. Jaffe, Amy Myers. (2018, March/April). “Green Giant: Renewable Energy and Chinese Power.” Foreign Affairs, 97(2), 83–93.

            37. Jianyu, Dr. Zhang. (2018). “Belt and Road Initiative.” Environment Defense Fund Solutions, 49(2), 7.

            38. Jinping, Xi. (2017, October 18). “Keynote Speech, 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.” China Global Television Network, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgrNz-aDmcr2uuto8_DL2jg.

            39. Jinping, Xi. (2018, March 5). “Keynote Speech, Two Sessions.” China Global Television Network, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgrNz-aDmcr2uuto8_DL2jg.

            40. Jinping, Xi. (2018, April 10). “Keynote Speech, Boao Forum for Asia (BFA).” China Global Television Network, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgrNz-aDmcr2uuto8_DL2jg.

            41. Jinping, Xi. (2018, July 10). “Keynote Speech, CASCF, 8th Ministerial Meeting.” China Global Television Network, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgrNz-aDmcr2uuto8_DL2jg.

            42. Karam, Zeina and El Deeb, Sarah/AP. (2018, December 20). “Trump Move to Pull U.S. Troops From Syria Opens Way to Turmoil.” The Washington Post, www.thewashingtonpost.com.

            43. Kliman, Daniel and Grace, Abigail. (2018, June 14). “China Smells Opportunity in the Middle East Crisis.” Foreign Policy, www.foreignpolicy.com/2018/06.

            44. Kurtenbach, Elaine. (2018, December 24). “Rising Tensions Deepening Rifts: The Growing Rivalry Between the US and China Has Been on Full Display at Recent Summits.” New Zealand Weekend Herald, A26.

            45. Landler, Mark. (2018, December 2). “Trump and Xi Declare Truce in Trade War.” The New York Times, A3.

            46. Leontiev, A. (n.d.). Political Economy. San Francisco: Proletarian Publishers.

            47. Lind, Jennifer. (March/April 2018). “Life in China's Asia: What Regional Hegemony Would Look Like.” Foreign Affairs, 97(2), 71–82.

            48. Liu, Xin. (2018, April 10). The Point with Liu Xin. China Global Television Network, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgrNz-aDmcr2uuto8_DL2jg.

            49. Long, Zhiming and Herrera, Remy. (December 2018). “The Enigma of China's Growth.” Monthly Review, 70(7), 52–62.

            50. Mahbubani, Kishore. (2018, June 25). “New World Order: What has the West Lost?” China Global Television Network, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgrNz-aDmcr2uuto8_DL2jg.

            51. Marx, Karl. (1967). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, vols. 1 and 2. New York: International Publishers.

            52. Mason, Jeff and Holland, Steve. (2018, December 11). “Exclusive: Trump Says He Could Intervene in U.S. Case Against Huawei CFO.” Reuters, www.reuters.com.

            53. Mastro, Oriana Skylar. (2019, January/February). “The Stealth Superpower: How China Hid its Global Ambitions.” Foreign Affairs, 98(1), 31–46.

            54. Metzl, Jamie. (2018, December 7). “China Firmly Set on Building the 21st Century Economy.” London: Amanpour and Company, PBS.

            55. Middle East Monitor. (2017, July 24). “BRI—A Multi-National Project Headed by China to Develop a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.” London, www.middleeastmonitor.com.

            56. Miller, Tom. (2017). China's Asian Dream. London: Zed Books.

            57. Molavi, Afshin. (2018, October 2). “Enter the Dragon: China's Belt and Road Rising In the Middle East.” Hoover Institution—The Caravan Issue 1819, https://www.hoover.org/research/enter-dragon-chinas-belt-and-road-rising-middle-east.

            58. Natural Resources Defense Council. (2018, December 12). “Trump's EPA Rolling Back Clean Water Regulations.” New York, www.nrdc.org.

            59. Odeh, BJ. (1985). Lebanon Dynamics of Conflict. London: Zed Books.

            60. Pence, Michael. (2018, November 17). “Vice President Pence's Speech at APEC.” c-span.org, www.YouTube.com.

            61. Petranek, Liana. (2001). “Will the Taskmasters of the New Economy Please Stand Up.” Social Process in Hawaii, 40, 1–36.

            62. Posen, Adam S. (2018, March/April). “The Post-American World Economy: Globalization in the Trump Era.” Foreign Affairs, 97(2), 28–38.

            63. Posen, Barry R. (2018, March/April). “The Rise of Illiberal Hegemony: Trump's Surprising Grand Strategy.” Foreign Affairs, 97(2), 20–27.

            64. Rally Comrades. (2011, August/September). “Transforming World Economy Lays Foundation for World Revolution.” Political Report of the LRNA Standing Committee, vol. 21, 4th ed. Chicago, IL: Rally Comrades.

            65. Riskin, Carl. (1987). China's Political Economy: The Quest for Development Since 1949. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

            66. Russia Today. (2018, August 7). “Newhour Discussions on U.S. Sanctions on Iran,” https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-sanctions-on-iran-take-effect.

            67. Shorrock, Tim. (2018, December 15). “Counterinsurgency Outsourcing: America's New Mercenaries in Afghanistan, Middle East, Africa.” The Daily Beast, www.dailybeast.com.

            68. Shouwen, Wang. (2018, November 29). “China's Vice Minister of Commerce.” PBS Newshour, https://www.youtube.com/user/PBSNewsHour.

            69. Smith, Ashley. (2018, December 20). “Brinkmanship and Blinkmanship.” Counterpunch, www.counterpunch.org.

            70. South China Morning Post. (2018, March 20). “Highlights of Xi Jinping's Closing Speech to National People's Congress in October 2017.” CCTV video, www.scmp.com.

            71. South China Morning Post. (2018, November 30). “Front Page Headlines.”

            72. Sullivan, Jake. (2018, March/April). “The World after Trump.” Foreign Affairs, 97(2), 10–19.

            73. The Economist. (2013, November 23). “Beyond Blackwater: Private Military Contractors,” www.amp.economist.com.

            74. The New York Times. (2018, December 2). “Talking Points.” Honolulu Star-Advertiser, B8.

            75. Trueman, CN. (2015, May 26). “History Learning Site,” www.historylearningsite.co.uk.

            76. Trueman, CN. (2018, November 28). “History Learning Site,” www.historylearningsite.co.uk.

            77. Tsui, Sit, Jiansheng, Qui, Xiaohui, Yan, Wong, Erebus, and Tiejun, Wen. (2018, November). “Renmimbi: A Century of Change.” Monthly Review, 70(6), 22–44.

            78. Wallerstein, Immanuel, Amin, Samir, Arrighi, Giovanni, and Frank, Andre Gunder. (1982). Dynamics of Global Crisis. New York: Monthly Review Press.

            79. Weisbrot, Mark. (2018, December 7). “Trump's Trade Policy Towards China: A Distraction to Benefit the Rich.” Conversations with Greg Wilpert. The Real News Network, www.therealnews.com.

            80. Wilkerson, Colonel Larry. (2018, December 10). “U.S. and Canada Violate International Law with the Arrest of Chinese Huawei Executive.” Conversations with Greg Wilpert. The Real News Network, www.therealnews.com.

            81. Wray, Christopher. (2018, December 20). “No Country Poses a Broader, More Severe, Long Time Threat to our Nation's Economy and Cyber Network Infrastructure Than China.” PBS Newshour, https://www.youtube.com/user/PBSNewsHour.

            82. Xuetong, Yan. (2019, January/February). “The Age of Uneasy Peace: Chinese Power in a Divided World.” Foreign Affairs, 98(1), 40–46.

            83. Yi, Wang. (2018, July 8). “China and Arab States: Natural Partners in Belt and Road Initiative.” Gulf Times, www.m.gulf-times.com.

            84. Yuen Ang, Yuen. (2018, May/June). “Autocracy With Chinese Characteristics: Beijing's Behind-the-Scenes Reforms.” Foreign Affairs, 97(3), 39–46.

            85. Zweig, David and Jianhai, Bi. (2005). “China's Global Hunt for Energy.” Foreign Affairs, 84(5), 25–38.

            Comments

            Comment on this article