- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: found
Violence: how it forms us and how we can be self-critical about it // العنف وممارسات النقد الذاتي
Abstract
This article examines the value of René Girard's thoughts concerning the relationship between violence and the sacred for those involved in any kind of violence. It analyses the three essential dimensions of the Girardian insight, including the mimetic nature of desire, the working of the scapegoat mechanism in the process of humanization, and the prophetic critique of sacrifice. Against the common misapprehensions about Girard's thought with regard to its falsifiability and ideological totality, this article proposes that Girardian thought could serve as a as resource for self-criticism for those involved in contexts of violence. The article outlines various moments of this process: heartbreak, including the realization of sameness instead of difference; truthfulness, or the slow process of exiting mendacity; the losing of an addiction to cheap meaning; and finally the setting free of a healthy imagination.
تعالج هذه المقالة أهمية أفكار رينيه جيرارد حول العلاقة بين العنف والمقدس للفئات والأفراد الذين يعيشون في ظل أنواع مختلفة من العنف. تحلل هذه المقالة الأبعاد الثلاثية الأساسية لفكر جيرارد، بما في ذلك طبيعة الرغبة المحاكية، آلية كبش الفداء في عملية الأنسنة، والنقد النبؤي للتضحية وبعكس الأفكار الخاطئة والشائعة عن فكر جيرارد فيما يتعلق في إمكانية دحضها وطبيعتها الأيدولوجية الشاملة، تقترح هذه المقالة أن فكر جيرارد يمكن أن يسير كمصدر للنقد الذاتي للذين سيعيشون في سياقات العنف. يوضح المقال لحظات مختلفة من عملية النقد الذاتي هذه: الحسرة بما في ذلك تحقيق التماثل بدلاً من الاختلاف ؛ الصدق أو العملية البطيئة للخروج من الكذب ؛ التخلص من الإدمان على إنتاج المعنى الرخيص؛ وأخيرًا، إطلاق العنان للخيال المتكامل. لا تعبر الأفكار الواردة في المخطوطة عن أفكار هيئة تحرير المجلة أو عمادة البحث العلمي في جامعة بيت لحم. يعتبر المؤلف المسؤول الوحيد عن مضمون المخطوطة أو أية أخطاء فيها.
Content
Author and article information
References
Barry, E.S. (2006). Can paraphrasing practice help students define plagiarism? College Student Journal, 40(2), 377–384. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=51fab918-d957-4625-ad01-0f953422e85b%40sessionmgr115&vid=3&hid=101&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=21375562&db=aph
Bethlehem University, Academic honesty. English Catalog 2011. Retrieved from http://www.bethlehem.edu /document. Doc ?id=41
Bethlehem University, Institutional Research Unit – Fact Book 2014–2015. Retrieved from http://www.bethlehem.edu/factbook
Birzeit University. Retrieved from http://www.birzeit.edu/ar
Bowdoin College, (n.d.) The common types of plagiarism. Retrieved from https://www.bowdoin.edu/studentaffairs/academic-honesty/common-types.shtml
Cairo University. Retrieved from http://cu.edu.eg/ar/Home
Deakin University. Retrieved from http://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/referencing/plagiarism#pc1
De Berly, G. (2012). Some problems Islamic students encounter when writing in the West. 9, (1). Retrieved from http://www.nafsa.org/findresources/Default.aspx?id=31138
Harvard University. Harvard guide to using sources. Retrieved from http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k70847&pageid=icb.page342054
Hebron University. Retrieved from http://www.hebron.edu/index.php/ar/
Heitman, E. and Litewka S. (2011). International perspectives on plagiarism and considerations for teaching international trainees. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21194646
Heriot Watt University. (2008). Student guide to plagiarism (Arabic language version) Retrieved from http://www.hw.ac.uk/students/doc/plagiarismguidearabic.pdf
Kingdom University. Students’ policies. Retrieved from http://www.ku.edu.bh/ar/admission-a-registration/student-guide/student-policies
Konstantinidis A., Theodosiadou D., Pappos Ch. (2013). Plagiarism: examination of conceptual issues and evaluation of research findings on using detection services-The Pragmatic Forms of Student Plagiarism. Retrieved from http://cedtech.net/articles/43/435.pdf
Libr101, Library Skills. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.bethlehem.edu/4-adm/avp/catalog2016/avp-catalog2016-academic-regulations–university-requirements
Madray A. (2007). Developing students’ awareness of plagiarism: Crisis and opportunities. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/134/
Magnus, R., Polterovich, V., and Danilov, D. (2002). Tolerance of cheating: an analysis across countries. The Journal of Economic Education, 33 (2), 125–135.
McCabe, D. (2005). It takes a village: Academic dishonesty and educational opportunity. Liberal Education, 91(3/4), 26–32.
McDonnell K. (2003). Academic plagiarism rules and ESL learning – mutually exclusive concepts? Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.133.5901&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Overbey, G. A. U., and Guiling, S. F. (1999). Student perceptions of plagiarism and the evaluation of assignments. Journal of Excellence in College Teaching, 10(3), 3–22.
Parker, K., Lenhart, A. and Moore, K. (2011). The Digital Revolution and Higher Education. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2011/08/28/the-digital-revolution-and-higher-education/?src=prc-headline&_ga=2.165616063.1834846838.1542880548-2133895804.1542880548
Pritichett, S. (2010). Perceptions about plagiarism between faculty and undergraduate Students. ProQuest. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/205430996
Pupovac V., Bilic-Zulle L., Petrovecki, M. (2008). On academic plagiarism in Europe. An analytical approach based on four studies. Retrieved from http://www.uoc.edu/digithum/10/dt/eng/pupovac_bilic-zulle_petrovecki.pdf
Researchgate. What are the best websites to check plagiarism for most of the academic journals? Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_best_websites_to_check_plagiarism_for_most_of_the_Academic_Journals
Soppe K. (2013). Student plagiarism: Intended or accidental? Social Cosmos, 4(1) 51–56. Retrieved from https://socialcosmos.library.uu.nl/index.php/sc/article/viewFile/72/67
The American University of Beirut. Retrieved from http://www.aub.edu.lb/it/acps/Documents/PDF/types_of_plagiarism.pdf
The State University of New York College at Cortland (SUNY). Retrieved from https://www2.cortland.edu/dotAsset/fddc5439-1889-4f66-8f4f-70e6149f0c6a.pdf
The University of Jordan. Retrieved from http://ju.edu.jo/home.aspx
Turnitin, The Plagiarism Spectrum. Retrieved from https://www.turnitin.com/static/plagiarism-spectrum/
University of Cambridge. University-wide statement on plagiarism. Retrieved from http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/univ/plagiarism/students/statement.html
University of Illinois. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism. Retrieved from http://www.library.illinois.edu/learn/research/academicintegrity.html
University of New South Wales – Sydney. Retrieved from https://student.unsw.edu.au/common-forms-plagiarism
University of Oxford. Plagiarism. Retrieved from http://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism
University of Toronto. Academic Honesty. Retrieved from https://life. utoronto.ca/get-smarter/academic-honesty/
Walker, J. (2010). Measuring plagiarism. Researching what students do, not what they say they do. Studies in Higher Education, 35, 41–59. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03075070902912994