علم الآثار ودوره في تكريس المشهد التوراتيّ في القدس: ”مدينة داود“ نموذجًا

عمر, عبد ربه

doi:10.13169/bethunivj.36.2019.0034

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علم الآثار ودوره في تكريس المشهد التوراتيّ في القدس: ”مدينة داود“ نموذجًا

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Author(s): عبد ربه عمر

Publication date (Print): 1 January 2019

Journal: Bethlehem University Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

تتناول هذه المقالة علم الآثار وكيفية توظيفه من قبل المؤسسة الإس ا رئيلية من أجل تكريس المشهد التو ا رتيّ في القدس وذلك من خال التركيز على ما يُسمى ﺑ "مدينة داود" في سلوان بوصفه نموذجًا يوضح طُرق تلاعب هذه المؤسسة في الجغ ا رفيا والآثار لصياغة تاريخ مختلق عن المكان ومحيطه. فقد قامت المؤسسات الإس ا رئيليّة المسؤولة عن الآثار في أواخر الستينيات ومطلع السبعينيات من القرن الماضي، وبعد فترة وجيزة من احتال المدينة عام 1967 واستكمالً للعمل الآثاريّ الميدانيّ الذي بدئ به في أواخر القرن التاسع، بالحفر الأثري في المنطقة الجنوبيّة والجنوبيّة الشرقيّة من المسجد الأقصى وفي منطقة سلوان. كان البحث الأثريّ الإس ا رئيليّ بطيئًا وسرعان ما تكثّف هذا العمل في هذه الجهات في مطلع التسعينيات؛ وذلك للدور المهم الذي تلعبه في بناء الهوية القومية–الدينية في إس ا رئيل وتعزيزها وتمكين دور المؤسسات القائمة على العمل الأثري فيها، عبر تكريس مُسميات وروايات تو ا رتيّة ومن ثم الاستحواذ على الهويّة الحضارية للمدينة وتقديم المدينة للجمهور بهذا المشهد التو ا رتيّ.

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Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50020020

Journal ID (jcode): bethunivj

Title: Bethlehem University Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN: 2521-3695

ISSN: 2410-5449

Publication date (Print): 1 January 2019

Volume: 36

Issue: ( doiID: 10.13169/bethunivj.36.issue-2019 )

Pages: 34-61

Article

Publisher ID: bethunivj.36.2019.0034

DOI: 10.13169/bethunivj.36.2019.0034

SO-VID: bc35dc3a-ada4-4585-a1f7-b0db80149177

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Footnotes

Abed Rabo, O. (2012). Jerusalem during the F'imid and Selj'q periods: archaeological and historical aspects. Jerusalem: Ph.D. Thesis, Hebrew University. [in Hebrew].
Abu el-Haj, N. (2001). Facts on the ground: archaeological practice and territorial self-fashioning in Israeli society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
“Albustan Garden.” Btselem 2014. [accessed 21 August 2019]. Available at https://www.btselem.org/arabic/jerusalem/national_parks_al_bustan_garden_of_the_king
Avni, G., & Seligman, J. (2006). “Between the Temple Mount/Haram el-Sharif and the Holy Sepulchre: archaeological involvement in Jerusalem's holy places.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 19, 259-88.
Avni, G., & Seligman, J. (2007). “Between the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulcher: the history of archaeological involvement in the holy places of Jerusalem.” Eretz Israel, 28, 189-98 (in Hebrew).
Baram, U. (2007). Appropriating the past: heritage, tourism, and archaeology in Israel. In: Kohl, P. L., M. Kozelsky and N. Ben Yehuda (eds), Selective remembrances: archaeology in the construction, commemoration, and consecration of national pasts. (pp. 299-325). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Baruch, Y., & Reich R. (2002). “The Umayyad. Buildings near the Temple Mount—A Re examination,” In E. Baruch and A. Faust eds. New Studies on Jerusalem 8, Ramat Gan, 117-132. (Hebrew).
Ben-Ami, D., & Ciechanowiec, Y. (2010). “Jerusalem, Givati Parking Lot, Preliminary Report.” Hadashot Arkheologiyot, 122 (in Hebrew).
Ben-Dov, M. (1982). In the Shadow of the Temple: The Discovery of Ancient Jerusalem. New York: Harper & Row.
Bliss, F. G., & Dickie, A. C. (1898). Excavations at Jerusalem. London.
City of David. (2019). “Excavations.” [accessed 13 June 2019]. Available at http://www.cityofdavid.org.il/en/archeology/excavation
City of David. (2019). “King David's Palace.” [accessed 13 June 2019]. Available at www.cityofdavid.org.il/en/archeology/excavations/king-david's-palace
City of David. (2019). “The IR David Foundation.” [accessed 13 June 2019]. Available at http://www.cityofdavid.org.il/en/The-Ir-David-Foundation.
Crowfoot, J. W. (1929). “Excavations on the Ophel, 1928.” PEFQS, 61, 9-16, 75-77, 150-166.
Crowfoot, J. W. (1945). “Ophel Again.”PEQ, 77, 66-104.
Crowfoot, J. W. (1927). “Second Report of the Excavations in the Tyropoeon Valley.” PEFQS, 19, 178-183.
Dalman, G. (1930). Jerusalem und sein Gelände. Gütersloh: Gerd Mohn.
Emek Shaveh, (2013). “Beit Haliba” and the Givati Parking Lot Archeological Excavations and their Effect on the Status Quo in the Old City of Jerusalem and in Silwan. Jerusalem: Emek Shaveh.
Finkelstein, I., Koch, I., & Lipschits, O. (2011). “The Mound on the Mount: A Possible Solution to the 'Problem with Jerusalem.” Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, 11 (12), 1-21.
Finkelstein, I., Singer-Avitz, L., Herzog, Z., & Ussishkin, D. (2007). “Has King David's Palace in Jerusalem been Found?” Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, 34 (2), 142-164.
Greenberg, R. (2009). “Towards an Inclusive Archaeology in Jerusalem: The Case of Silwan/The City of David,” public archaeology, 8(1), 35-50.
Greenberg, R., & Mizrachi, Y. (2011). From Shiloah to Silwan: Visitor's Guide to Ancient Jerusalem (City of David) and the Village of Silwan. Jerusalem: Emek Shaveh.
Hodder, I., & Hutson, S. (2003). Reading the Past: Current Approaches to the Interpretation in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kenyon, K. (1974). Digging up Jerusalem. London.
Kletter, R. (2006). Just Past? The Making of Israeli Archaeology. London: Equinox.
Macalister, R. A. S., & Duncan, J. G. (1926). “Excavations on the Hill of Ophel, Jerusalem 1923-1925.” PEFQS 4, 137, 141, 143-145.
Masalha, N. (2007). The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Israel-Palestine. London: Zed Books.
“Massive Complex Dating From 70 AD Uncovered Near Old City's Dung Gate” (December 6, 2007). YouTube.
Mazar, B. (1971). Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem, 1969-70. Jerusalem, (Hebrew).
Mazar, B. (1969). The Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem: Preliminary Survey of the Excavations of 1968, EI 9, pp. 161-74 (Hebrew).
Mazar, E. (2003). The Temple Mount Excavations in Jerusalem 1968-1978, Directed by Benjamin Mazar. Final Reports, Vol. II: The Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods. Jerusalem: Qedem 43.
Mazar, E. (2007). The Temple Mount Excavations in Jerusalem 1968-1978, Directed by Benjamin Mazar. Final Reports, Vol. III: The Byzantine Period. Jerusalem: Qedem 46.
Mazar, E. (2006). “Did I find King David's palace?” Biblical Archaeology Review, 32 (1), 16-27, 70.
Mazar, B., & Cornfield, E. (1975). The Mountain of the Lord. New York.
Mizrachi, Y. (2011). “Between Holiness and Propaganda: Archaeology and Political Claims over the Old City of Jerusalem [online] Jerusalem.” Emek Shaveh [accessed 20 September 2019]. Available at: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/3628713/between-holiness-and propaganda-emek-shaveh.
Pierotti, E. (1864). Jerusalem explored : being a description of the ancient and modern city, with numerous illustrations consisting of views, ground plans, and sections. 2 vols. London: Bell and Daldy.
Prag, K. (2008). Excavations by K.M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961-1967, Vol. V: Discoveries in Hellenistic to Ottoman Jerusalem. Oxford: CBRL.
Pullan, W., & Gwiazda, M. (2008). “Jerusalem's ‘City of David’: The Politicization of Urban Heritage.” Divided Cities/Contested Sites, Working Paper no. 6 [online] [accessed 22 August 2019]. Available at <http://www.conflictincities.org/PDFs/WorkingPaper6_23.12.08.pdf.
Oestigaard, T. (2007). Political Archaeology and Holy Nationalism: Archaeological Battles over the Bible and Land in Israel and Palestine from 1967-2000. Gotarc Serie C, No. 67. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg.
Reich, R., & Shukron, E. (2003). “Jerusalem, City of David, A-3590, A-3788.” Hadashot Arkheologiyot115, 69-71.
Seligman, J. (August 2013). “The Archaeology of Jerusalem—Between Post-Modernism and Delegitimization,” public archaeology, 12 (3), 183-199.
Shiloh, Y. (1984). Excavations at the City of David, I. 1978-1982, Interim Report of the First Five Seasons. Jerusalem: Qedem 19.
“Silwanic.” [accessed 20 September 2019]. Available at: http://passthrough.fwnotify.net/download/922793/http://sys.silwanic.net/uploads/silwanic_ar.pdf
“Temple.” [accessed 20 September 2019]. Available at: https://cellcode.us/quotes/temple-great-mountains-israel-near.html
“Tourists Uncovers hidden golden Truseare in Holy Land”, (December 23, 2008). YouTube.
Vincent, L.H. (1911). Jerusalem sous terre. Les récentes fouilles d'Ophel. London: H. Cox.
Vincent, L.H. & Abel, M. (1914-26). Jerusalem: Recherches de topographie, d'archeologie et d'histoire, II: Jerusalem Nouvelle. 4 vols. Paris.
Weill, R. (1920). La Cité de David, 1913-1914. Paris.
Weill, R. (1947). La Cité de David, 1923-1924. Paris.
Wilson, R. E., & Warren, R. E. (1871). The Recovery of Jerusalem. London: R. Bentley.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Abed Rabo, O. (2012). Jerusalem during the F'imid and Selj'q periods: archaeological and historical aspects. Jerusalem: Ph.D. Thesis, Hebrew University. [in Hebrew].

[2] Abu el-Haj, N. (2001). Facts on the ground: archaeological practice and territorial self-fashioning in Israeli society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

[3] “Albustan Garden.” Btselem 2014. [accessed 21 August 2019]. Available at https://www.btselem.org/arabic/jerusalem/national_parks_al_bustan_garden_of_the_king

[4] Avni, G., & Seligman, J. (2006). “Between the Temple Mount/Haram el-Sharif and the Holy Sepulchre: archaeological involvement in Jerusalem's holy places.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 19, 259-88.

[5] Avni, G., & Seligman, J. (2007). “Between the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulcher: the history of archaeological involvement in the holy places of Jerusalem.” Eretz Israel, 28, 189-98 (in Hebrew).

[6] Baram, U. (2007). Appropriating the past: heritage, tourism, and archaeology in Israel. In: Kohl, P. L., M. Kozelsky and N. Ben Yehuda (eds), Selective remembrances: archaeology in the construction, commemoration, and consecration of national pasts. (pp. 299-325). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

[7] Baruch, Y., & Reich R. (2002). “The Umayyad. Buildings near the Temple Mount—A Re examination,” In E. Baruch and A. Faust eds. New Studies on Jerusalem 8, Ramat Gan, 117-132. (Hebrew).

[8] Ben-Ami, D., & Ciechanowiec, Y. (2010). “Jerusalem, Givati Parking Lot, Preliminary Report.” Hadashot Arkheologiyot, 122 (in Hebrew).

[9] Ben-Dov, M. (1982). In the Shadow of the Temple: The Discovery of Ancient Jerusalem. New York: Harper & Row.

[10] Bliss, F. G., & Dickie, A. C. (1898). Excavations at Jerusalem. London.

[11] City of David. (2019). “Excavations.” [accessed 13 June 2019]. Available at http://www.cityofdavid.org.il/en/archeology/excavation

[12] City of David. (2019). “King David's Palace.” [accessed 13 June 2019]. Available at www.cityofdavid.org.il/en/archeology/excavations/king-david's-palace

[13] City of David. (2019). “The IR David Foundation.” [accessed 13 June 2019]. Available at http://www.cityofdavid.org.il/en/The-Ir-David-Foundation.

[14] Crowfoot, J. W. (1929). “Excavations on the Ophel, 1928.” PEFQS, 61, 9-16, 75-77, 150-166.

[15] Crowfoot, J. W. (1945). “Ophel Again.”PEQ, 77, 66-104.

[16] Crowfoot, J. W. (1927). “Second Report of the Excavations in the Tyropoeon Valley.” PEFQS, 19, 178-183.

[17] Dalman, G. (1930). Jerusalem und sein Gelände. Gütersloh: Gerd Mohn.

[18] Emek Shaveh, (2013). “Beit Haliba” and the Givati Parking Lot Archeological Excavations and their Effect on the Status Quo in the Old City of Jerusalem and in Silwan. Jerusalem: Emek Shaveh.

[19] Finkelstein, I., Koch, I., & Lipschits, O. (2011). “The Mound on the Mount: A Possible Solution to the 'Problem with Jerusalem.” Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, 11 (12), 1-21.

[20] Finkelstein, I., Singer-Avitz, L., Herzog, Z., & Ussishkin, D. (2007). “Has King David's Palace in Jerusalem been Found?” Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, 34 (2), 142-164.

[21] Greenberg, R. (2009). “Towards an Inclusive Archaeology in Jerusalem: The Case of Silwan/The City of David,” public archaeology, 8(1), 35-50.

[22] Greenberg, R., & Mizrachi, Y. (2011). From Shiloah to Silwan: Visitor's Guide to Ancient Jerusalem (City of David) and the Village of Silwan. Jerusalem: Emek Shaveh.

[23] Hodder, I., & Hutson, S. (2003). Reading the Past: Current Approaches to the Interpretation in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[24] Kenyon, K. (1974). Digging up Jerusalem. London.

[25] Kletter, R. (2006). Just Past? The Making of Israeli Archaeology. London: Equinox.

[26] Macalister, R. A. S., & Duncan, J. G. (1926). “Excavations on the Hill of Ophel, Jerusalem 1923-1925.” PEFQS 4, 137, 141, 143-145.

[27] Masalha, N. (2007). The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Israel-Palestine. London: Zed Books.

[28] “Massive Complex Dating From 70 AD Uncovered Near Old City's Dung Gate” (December 6, 2007). YouTube.

[29] Mazar, B. (1971). Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem, 1969-70. Jerusalem, (Hebrew).

[30] Mazar, B. (1969). The Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem: Preliminary Survey of the Excavations of 1968, EI 9, pp. 161-74 (Hebrew).

[31] Mazar, E. (2003). The Temple Mount Excavations in Jerusalem 1968-1978, Directed by Benjamin Mazar. Final Reports, Vol. II: The Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods. Jerusalem: Qedem 43.

[32] Mazar, E. (2007). The Temple Mount Excavations in Jerusalem 1968-1978, Directed by Benjamin Mazar. Final Reports, Vol. III: The Byzantine Period. Jerusalem: Qedem 46.

[33] Mazar, E. (2006). “Did I find King David's palace?” Biblical Archaeology Review, 32 (1), 16-27, 70.

[34] Mazar, B., & Cornfield, E. (1975). The Mountain of the Lord. New York.

[35] Mizrachi, Y. (2011). “Between Holiness and Propaganda: Archaeology and Political Claims over the Old City of Jerusalem [online] Jerusalem.” Emek Shaveh [accessed 20 September 2019]. Available at: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/3628713/between-holiness-and propaganda-emek-shaveh.

[36] Pierotti, E. (1864). Jerusalem explored : being a description of the ancient and modern city, with numerous illustrations consisting of views, ground plans, and sections. 2 vols. London: Bell and Daldy.

[37] Prag, K. (2008). Excavations by K.M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961-1967, Vol. V: Discoveries in Hellenistic to Ottoman Jerusalem. Oxford: CBRL.

[38] Pullan, W., & Gwiazda, M. (2008). “Jerusalem's ‘City of David’: The Politicization of Urban Heritage.” Divided Cities/Contested Sites, Working Paper no. 6 [online] [accessed 22 August 2019]. Available at <http://www.conflictincities.org/PDFs/WorkingPaper6_23.12.08.pdf.

[39] Oestigaard, T. (2007). Political Archaeology and Holy Nationalism: Archaeological Battles over the Bible and Land in Israel and Palestine from 1967-2000. Gotarc Serie C, No. 67. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg.

[40] Reich, R., & Shukron, E. (2003). “Jerusalem, City of David, A-3590, A-3788.” Hadashot Arkheologiyot115, 69-71.

[41] Seligman, J. (August 2013). “The Archaeology of Jerusalem—Between Post-Modernism and Delegitimization,” public archaeology, 12 (3), 183-199.

[42] Shiloh, Y. (1984). Excavations at the City of David, I. 1978-1982, Interim Report of the First Five Seasons. Jerusalem: Qedem 19.

[43] “Silwanic.” [accessed 20 September 2019]. Available at: http://passthrough.fwnotify.net/download/922793/http://sys.silwanic.net/uploads/silwanic_ar.pdf

[44] “Temple.” [accessed 20 September 2019]. Available at: https://cellcode.us/quotes/temple-great-mountains-israel-near.html

[45] “Tourists Uncovers hidden golden Truseare in Holy Land”, (December 23, 2008). YouTube.

[46] Vincent, L.H. (1911). Jerusalem sous terre. Les récentes fouilles d'Ophel. London: H. Cox.

[47] Vincent, L.H. & Abel, M. (1914-26). Jerusalem: Recherches de topographie, d'archeologie et d'histoire, II: Jerusalem Nouvelle. 4 vols. Paris.

[48] Weill, R. (1920). La Cité de David, 1913-1914. Paris.

[49] Weill, R. (1947). La Cité de David, 1923-1924. Paris.

[50] Wilson, R. E., & Warren, R. E. (1871). The Recovery of Jerusalem. London: R. Bentley.