380
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares

       If you have found this article useful and you think it is important that researchers across the world have access, please consider donating, to ensure that this valuable collection remains Open Access.

      International Journal of Critical Diversity Studies is published by Pluto Journals, an Open Access publisher. This means that everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles from our international collection of social science journalsFurthermore Pluto Journals authors don’t pay article processing charges (APCs).

      scite_
       
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      History, Naming and Intellectualism in the #FeesMustFall Protests

      research-article
      Bookmark

            Abstract

            This paper considers the black student as an emerging representative of the public intellectual's confrontation with history, institutional culture and language in the #FMF student protests. It pursues the manifestation of this confrontation through an analysis of specific episodes of articulation and events where the student as public intellectual encounters an academia that is incapable of comprehending or conceptualizing their demands. The protests animated the emerging black student public intellectual's projection into being and their confrontation with history, violence and academia. This paper examines the collaboration between the state and university as mechanisms of control to preserve the system and structure of neo-apartheid in a post-1994 South African society. I argue that the fixation with subjective violence, detracted from the greater, yet hidden narrative—that of the possibility of violence as ubiquitous in human social relations. Violence is also used to negate power. In confronting a powerful racist history and systems of racism, the #Fallists reference to the on-going complex levels of violence lived as a reality by black South Africans, could be understood as a form of social power to unchain the forced consensus that has been perpetuated around black violence and black ineptitude.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Journal
            10.2307/j50020082
            intecritdivestud
            International Journal of Critical Diversity Studies
            Pluto Journals
            2516-550X
            2516-5518
            1 June 2019
            : 2
            : 1 ( doiID: 10.13169/intecritdivestud.2.issue-1 )
            : 41-55
            Affiliations
            Political Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
            Article
            intecritdivestud.2.1.0041
            10.13169/intecritdivestud.2.1.0041
            48c386ad-2098-4dc8-b230-21e2557b6fcb
            © 2019 International Journal of Critical Diversity Studies

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Custom metadata
            eng

            Social & Behavioral Sciences
            public intellectual naming,black activists,identity,student protests

            References

            1. Calderhead, V. 2011. The right to an “adequate” and “equal” education in South Africa: An analysis of s. 29(1)(a) of the South African Constitution and the right to equality as applied to basic education. Retrieved from https://section27.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/The-Right-to-a-Basic-Education.pdf

            2. Carr, E.H. 1961. What is history? Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

            3. Dabashi, H. 2013. Can non-Europeans think? Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/01/2013114142638797542.html

            4. Dladla, N. 2017. Here is a table: A philosophical essay on the history of race in South Africa. Pretoria: Bantu Logic Publishing South Africa.

            5. Giroux, H. A. 2007. Democracy's promise and the politics of worldliness in the age of terror. Comparative Literature and Culture, 9(1), 2–16.

            6. Gordon, L. R. 2007. Through the hellish zone of nonbeing thinking through Fanon, disaster, and the damned of the Earth. Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge, (v), 5–12.

            7. Gramsci, A. 1971. Selections from the prison notebooks. Q. Hoare and G. N. Smith (eds & trans). London: Lawrence and Wishart.

            8. Greenwood, X. 2018. South Africa is the most unequal country in the world and its poverty is the “enduring legacy of apartheid”, says World Bank. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/south-africa-unequal-country-poverty-legacy-apartheid-world-bank-a8288986.html

            9. Grosfoguel, R. 2013. The structure of knowledge in Westernized universities epistemic racism/sexism and the four genocides/epistemicides of the long 16th century. Human Architecture Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge, XI(1), 73–90.

            10. Ismail Sooliman, Q. 2016. Book review of Nyamnjoh, Francis. B. #RhodesMustFall: Nibbling at Resilient Colonialism in South Africa. Strategic Review for Southern Africa 38(2), 167–169.

            11. Ismail Sooliman, Q. 2017. The development and rise of Islamic State (IS) and the violence it manifests: A theoretical perspective. Doctoral thesis. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/36016523/The_Development_and_Rise_of_Islamic_State_IS_and_the_Violence_it_manifests_A_theoretical_perspective

            12. Jordan. J. 2014. Born black in the USA. Pittsburgh PA: RoseDog Books.

            13. Landau. N. 2018. Israel, Myanmar sign education pact for programs about 'Holocaust and its lessons’ and xenophobia. Retrieved from https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-myanmar-sign-pact-for-programs-about-holocaust-and-its-lesson-1.6132770

            14. Leong, N. 2013. Racial capitalism. Harvard Law Review, 126(8), 2151–2226.

            15. Lindeque, B. 2018. Speech about White privilege by school's, deputy principal is going viral for all the right reasons. Retrieved from https://www.goodthingsguy.com/opinion/white-privilege-jeppe-high-speech

            16. Ludski, W. 2016. International solidarity for #FeesMustFall. Retrieved from http://www.thejournalist.org.za/spotlight/international-solidarity-for-fees-must-fall

            17. Madlingozi, T. 2017. Social justice in a time of neo-apartheid constitutionalism: Critiquing the anti-black economy of recognition, incorporation and distribution. Stellenbosch Law Review, 28(1), 123–41.

            18. Majavu, M. 2015. Confronting colonial discourse. Retrieved from http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/2322

            19. Marchesi, N. 2017. SAHRC agrees to investigate textbook delivery failures. Retrieved from https://www.da.org.za/2017/03/sahrc-agrees-investigate-textbook-delivery-failures

            20. Morken, B. 2016. “South Africa: The fight for free education and the lessons of the student movement.” Retrieved from https://www.marxist.com/south-africa-the-fight-for-free-education-and-the-lessons-of-the-student-movement.htm

            21. New Learning. (n.d.). Apartheid education. Retrieved from http://newlearningonline.com/new-learning/chapter-5/apartheid-education

            22. Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J. 2012. Coloniality of power in development studies and the impact of global imperial designs on Africa. Inaugural Lecture delivered at the University of South Africa, Senate Hall, October 16. Retrieved from http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/8548/Inugural%20lecture-16%20October%202012.pdf.pdf?sequence=1

            23. Nyamnjoh, Francis. B. 2016. #RhodesMustFall: Nibbling at resilient colonialism in South Africa. Cameroon: LangaaResearch & Publishing Common Initiative Group.

            24. Nzimande, A. and Naidoo, S. 2018. We are still waiting for the prosecuting authorities to come up with valid charges against the #Fallists. Retrieved from https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-06-25-we-are-still-waiting-for-the-prosecuting-authorities-to-come-up-with-valid-charges-against-the-fallists/#.WzHl2VUzbIU

            25. Praeg, L. 2017. Just thinking. Keynote address, Postgraduate Conference 2017 Conference, Hall 100, University of Pretoria, November 1.

            26. Said, E. 1996. Representations of the intellectual: The 1993 Reith Lectures. New York: Vintage.

            27. Said, E. 1994. Culture and imperialism. New York: Vintage Books.

            28. Selapisa, L, Shikalange, S, and Mothlale, K. 2017. School toilets from hell. Retrieved from http://www.thenewage.co.za/school-toilets-from-hell

            29. Social Transformation. (n.d.). What democratic South Africa inherited in 1994. Retrieved from http://www.dpme.gov.za/publications/20%20Years%20Review/20%20Year%20Review%20Documents/20YR%20Chapter%203%20Social%20Transformation.pdf

            30. Stats SA. 2017. Stats biz: Want to know how your taxes are spent? Retrieved from http://www.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/StatsBiz_November2017.pdf

            31. Steyn, M. 1999. White identity in context: A personal narrative in Thomas K. Nakayama and Judith N. Martin, eds., Whiteness: The communication of a social identity. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 265–278.

            32. Steyn, M. 2001. Whiteness just isn't what it used to be: White identity in a changing South Africa. Sunny Press

            33. Suleiman, O. 2018. Reclaiming the legacy of Malcolm X: Martyrdom at the Audobon. Retrieved from https://muslimmatters.org/2018/06/01/reclaiming-malcolm-xs-legacy/

            34. Swanepoel, E. 2016. Solidarity with South African students—#FeesMustFall. Retrieved from https://www.socialist.net/solidarity-with-south-african-students-feesmustfall.htm

            35. Terreblanche, S. 2012. Lost in transformation. Johannesburg: KMM Review Publishing Company.

            36. Thobejane. T.D 2013. History of apartheid education and the problems of reconstruction in South Africa. Sociology Study, 3(1): 1–12.

            37. UNISA Summer School Media Advisory. 2018. Decolonising knowledge, power and being. Retrieved from http://www.unisa.ac.za/static/corporate_web/Content/News%20and%20Media/Media%20releases/documents/UNISA%20Media%20Advisory%20-%20Decoloniality%20Summer%20 School%202018.pdf

            38. Van der Berg, S. 1997. South African social security under apartheid and beyond. Development Southern Africa, 14(4), 481–503.

            39. Yousuf, I. 2019. Burdened by a beast: A brief consideration of social death in the South African university. Journal of Decolonising Disciplines, 1(1), 82–94.

            Comments

            Comment on this article