874
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    1
    shares

      If you have found this article useful and you think it is important that researchers across the world have access, please consider donating, to ensure that this valuable collection remains Open Access.

      International Journal of Cuban Studies is published by Pluto Journals, an Open Access publisher. This means that everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles from our international collection of social science journalsFurthermore Pluto Journals authors don’t pay article processing charges (APCs).

      scite_
       
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      La Picadora: A Case Study in Cuban Agroecotourism

      Published
      research-article
      Bookmark

            Abstract

            Agroecotourism is growing worldwide, with a Latin American focus on both cultural and environmental sustainability. In this case study, the authors immersed themselves in the seven-year-old agroecotourism venture of La picadora, living among neighbours and conducting formal interviews with 14 persons to learn about agricultural practices, hosting approaches, and the effects of tourism on life at La picadora. Results showed a community practising and committed to sustainable use of land and human resources, and revealed agricultural practices typical of broader Cuba. Foods served to tourists reflected a combination of Cuban tradition and ingredient availability. Residents noted cultural and monetary benefits of welcoming tourists to their communities. In conclusion, the La picadora collective is a microcosm of sustainable tourism, affecting and affected by broader socioeconomic forces. It is likely that this early agroecotourism adopter will become a model for other Cuban visitor hubs operating outside traditional beach-based ventures.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Journal
            10.2307/j50005551
            intejcubastud
            International Journal of Cuban Studies
            Pluto Journals
            1756-3461
            1756-347X
            1 July 2021
            : 13
            : 1 ( doiID: 10.13169/intejcubastud.13.issue-1 )
            : 5-7
            Affiliations
            University of Mary Washington, Virginia
            University of North Carolina Asheville
            Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de Habana, Havana
            Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICIMAR), Havana
            Article
            intejcubastud.13.1.0008
            10.13169/intejcubastud.13.1.0008
            a19d415a-4449-481d-8ac6-ae3cee160d22
            © International Institute for the Study of Cuba

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Custom metadata
            eng

            Literary studies,Arts,Social & Behavioral Sciences,History,Cultural studies,Economics
            agriculture,culture,identity,foodways,Cuba,organic

            References

            1. Addinsall, C., Weiler, B., Scherrer, P. and Glencross, K. (2017) “Agroecological tourism: bridging conservation, food security and tourism goals to enhance smallholders’ livelihoods on South Pentecost, Vanuatu”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(8), 1100–16, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1254221.

            2. Agencia EFE (2017) “Raúl Castro cifra los daños del huracán Irma a Cuba en 13.185 millones de dólares”, https://www.efe.com/efe/espana/sociedad/raul-castro-cifra-los-danos-del-huracan-irma-a-cuba-en-13-185-millones-de-dolares/10004-3474450.

            3. Akpinar, N., Talay, I., Ceylan, C. and Gündüz, S. (2005) “Rural women and agrotourism in the context of sustainable rural development: a case study from Turkey”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 6(4), 473–86, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-5633-y.

            4. Altieri, M. (2002) “Prologue: the principles and strategies of agroecology in Cuba”, in F. Funes, M. Garcia, N. Bourque, N. Pérez and P. Rosset (eds), Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: First Foods, pp. xi–xiii.

            5. Alvarez, J. (2004) The Current Restructuring of Cuba’s Sugar Agroindustry. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, viewed 19 February 2019, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe472.

            6. Álvarez, M. (2002) “Social organization and sustainability of small farm agriculture in Cuba”, in F. Funes, M. Garcia, N. Bourque, N. Pérez and P. Rosset (eds), Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: First Foods, 72–89.

            7. Babb, F. (2011) “Che Chevys, and Hemingway’s daiquiris: Cuban tourism in a time of globalisation”, Bulletin of Latin American Research, 30(1), 50–63.

            8. Bacsán, G. (2019) “‘An unrivalled paradise’: the production of difference in the Cuban Ministry of Tourism’s Auténtica Cuba”, International Journal of Cuban Studies, 11(2), 310–31.

            9. Barrueta, N. (2001) “Cuban women and the economic changes: the impact on women’s personal experience”, in C. Lundy and N. Vasallo Barrueta (eds), Cuban Women: History Contradictions and Contemporary Challenges. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 71–81.

            10. Bausch, D., Kouri, V., Resik, S., Acosta, B., Guillen, G., Goraleski, K., Espinal, M. and Guzman, M. (2017) “The Cuba-United States thaw: building bridges through science and global health”, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96(6), 1267– 9, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0136.

            11. Benjamin, M., Collins, J. and Scott, M. (1984) No Free Lunch: Food and Revolution in Cuba Today, 1st ed. San Francisco: Institute for Food and Development Policy.

            12. Bono, F. and Finn, J. (2016) “Food diaries to measure food access: a case study from rural Cuba”, The Professional Geographer, 20(10), 1–11.

            13. Brulotte, R. and Di Giovine, M. (2014) “Introduction”, in R. Brulotte and M. Di Giovine (eds), Edible Identities: Food as Cultural Heritage. New York: Routledge.

            14. Buchmann, C. (2009) “Cuban home gardens and their role in social-ecological resilience”, Human Ecology, 37(6), 705–21.

            15. Burchardt, H. (2001) “Cuba’s agriculture after the new reforms: between stagnation and sustainable development”, Socialism and Democracy, 15(1), 141–54.

            16. Calderón García, H., Saura, I., Pons García, R. and Gallarza, M. (2003) “The ‘sun and beach’ tourism destination image: an application to the case of Cuba from the Spanish tourist-origin market”, Tourism Review, 59(1), 16–24, https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058426.

            17. Canales Martínez, G. and Sabariegos Díaz, J. (2011) “Trinidad: comprehensive sustainable tourism product in Cuba”, Cuadernos de Turismo, 27, 1017–19.

            18. Carrasco, E., Acker, D. and Grieshop, J. (2003) “Absorbing the shocks: the case of food security, extension and the agricultural knowledge and information system in Havana, Cuba”, Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 9(3), 93–102, https://doi.org/10.1080/13892240385300161.

            19. Carty, V. (2009) “Capitalist measures within a socialist model: a commodity chains analysis of the emerging Cuban tourism industry”, Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies/Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes, 34(67), 163–95.

            20. Casimiro Rodríguez, L. and Casimiro González, J. (2018) “How to make prosperous and sustainable family farming in Cuba a reality”, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1), 77–92, http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.324.

            21. Caunedo, S. (1999) La cocina cubana: un sabor mestizo. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.

            22. Cavaliere, C. 2010, “Sustainable agroecotourism ventures for low-carbon societies”, in Proceedings of the 2010 Centre for Recreation Research Symposium – Recreation Values and Natural Areas. Dunedin: University of Otago, 32–5.

            23. Ceballos-Lascuráin, H. (2003) “Preface”, in M. Lück and T. Kirstges (eds), Global Ecotourism Policies and Case Studies: Perspectives and Constraints. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, pp. viii–xii.

            24. Chew, C., Reager, J. and Small, E. (2018) “CYGNSS data map flood inundation during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season”, Scientific Reports, 8, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27673-x.

            25. Clarke, J. (1997) “A framework of approaches to sustainable tourism”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5(3), 224–33.

            26. Conti, A. (2017) “The impact of tourism on Latin American world heritage towns”, in L. Bourdeau, M. Gravari-Barbas and M. Robinson (eds), World Heritage Sites and Tourism. New York: Routledge, 175–88.

            27. Davidson, M. and Krull, C. (2011) “Adapting to Cuba’s shifting food landscapes: women’s strategies of resistance”, Cuban Studies, 42, 59–77, http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cub.2011.0028.

            28. Dawdy, S. (2002) “La comida Mambisa: food, farming, and Cuban identity, 1839–1999”, New West Indian Guide, 76, 47–80.

            29. Deere, C. and Royce, F. (2019), “Provisioning Cuba’s private restaurants: insights on the impact of the expanding tourism industry”, Tourism Planning and Development, 16(6), 675–95.

            30. de la Pezuela, J. (1866) Diccionario geografico, estadistico, historico de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 4. Madrid: Banco Industrial y Mercantil.

            31. Dore, E. (2017) “Opening the tap: doing oral history in Cuba”, Oral History, 45(2), 106–8.

            32. Duffy, L., Kline, C., Swanson, J., Best, M. and McKinnon, H. (2017) “Community development through agroecotourism in Cuba: an application of the community capitals framework”, Journal of Ecotourism, 16(3), 203–21.

            33. Dummitt, C. (1998) “Finding a place for father: selling the barbecue in postwar Canada”, Journal of the Canadian Historical Society, 9, 209–23.

            34. Englehardt, E. (2011) A Mess of Greens: Southern Gender and Southern Food. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

            35. Facio, E., Toro-Morn, M. and Roschelle, A. (2003) “Tourism, gender and globalization: tourism in Cuba during the Special Period”, Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, 14, 119–40.

            36. Febles-González, J., Tolón-Becerra, A., Lastra-Bravo, X., and Acosta-Valdés, X. (2011) “Cuban agricultural policy in the last 25 years. From conventional to organic agriculture”, Land Use Policy, 28(4), 723–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.12.008.

            37. Fernandez, M., Nelson, E., Locke, K., Figueroa, G. and Funes-Aguilar, F. (2018) “Cuba’s agrifood system in transition, an introduction to the Elements special feature”, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1), 2–8, http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.335.

            38. Fernández Monte, E. and Gutiérrez Lezcano, S. (2016) El sabor de la cocina cubana. Santiago de Cuba: Editorial Oriente.

            39. Fonseca, B., Polga-Hecimovich, J. and Feinberg, R. (2020) “Two nations, one revolution: the evolution of contemporary Cuba-Venezuela relations”, viewed 2 October 2020, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/venezuela-and-cuba-ties-bind.

            40. Fornet Piña, F. (2015) Fiesta gastronòmica de la mesa tradicional cubana. Havana: Editorial Científico-Técnica.

            41. Funes, F. (2002) “The organic farming movement in Cuba”, in F. Funes, L. Garcia, M. Bourque, N. Perez and P. Rosset (eds), Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: Food First Books, 1–26.

            42. Funes Aguilar, F. (2017) “Reseña sobre el estado actual de la agroecología en Cuba”, Agroecología Murcia, 12(1), 7–18.

            43. Funes-Monzote, F. (2010) “Cuba: a national-level experiment in conversion”, in S. Gliessman and M. Rosemeyer (eds), The Conversion to Sustainable Agriculture: Principles, Processes, and Practices. New York: CRC Press, 205–37.

            44. Galford, G., Fernandez, M., Roman, J., Monasterolo, I., Ahamed, S., Fiske, G., González-Díaz, P. and Kaufman, L. (2018) “Cuban land use and conservation, from rainforests to coral reefs”, Bulletin of Marine Science, 94(2), 171–91, https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2017.1026.

            45. González, A., Fernández, P., Bu, A., Polanco, C., Aguilar, R., Dresdner, J. and Tancini, R. (2004) La ganadería en Cuba: desempeño y desafios. Havana: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Económicas.

            46. Gonzalez, C. (2003) “Seasons of resistance: sustainable agriculture and food security in Cuba”, Tulane Environmental Law Journal, 16(3), 685–732.

            47. Gravari-Barbas, M., Bourdeau, L. and Robinson, M. (2015) “World heritage and tourism: from opposition to co-production”, in L. Bourdeau, M. Gravari-Barbas, and M. Robinson (eds), World Heritage, Tourism and Identity. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 1–24.

            48. Gutiérrez Castillo, O. and Gancedo Gaspar, N. (2002) “Tourism development for the Cuban economy (English version)”, ReVista (Winter), 76–8.

            49. Heredia, F. (2002) “Nationalism, races, and classes in the revolution of 1895 and the Cuban first republic”, trans. Lara Putnam, Cuban Studies, 33, 95–136.

            50. HHS (US Department of Health and Human Services) (2018) Title 45: Public Welfare, Part 46 – Protection of Human Subjects, accessed 1 October 2020, https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/regulations/45-cfr-46/index.html.

            51. Holgado Fernández, I. (2002) !No es fácil! mujeres Cubanas y la crisis revolucionaria, 2nd ed. Barcelona: Romanyá/Valls.

            52. Jennissen, T. and Lundy, C. (2001) “Progress in the face of adversity: Cuban women entering the new millennium”, in C. Lundy and N. Vasallo Barrueta (eds), Cuban Women: History Contradictions and Contemporary Challenges. Ottawa: Carleton University, 45–69.

            53. Johnson, A. (2007) “Authenticity, tourism and self-discovery in Thailand: self-creation and the discerning gaze”, SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 22(2), 153–78.

            54. Johnson, L., Schnakenberg, G. and Purdue, N. (2016) “Placing local food systems: farm tours as place-based sustainability education”, Journal of Sustainability Education, 11, 7151–7452.

            55. Kendrick, A., Fullerton, J. and Broyles, S. (2015) “Would I go? US Citizens react to a Cuban tourism campaign”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 11(4), 249–62, https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2015.14.

            56. Kersh, D. (2019) Women’s Work in Special Period Cuba. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

            57. Keshodkar, A. (2015) “Local consequences of global recognition: the ‘value’ of world heritage status for Zanzibar Stone Town”, in L. Bourdeau, M. Gravari-Barbas and M Robinson (eds), World Heritage, Tourism and Identity. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 93–106.

            58. Kline, C., Bulla, B., Rubright, H., Green, E. and Harris, E. (2016) “An exploratory study of expectation-importance-performance analysis with cultural tourists in Havana, Cuba”, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 16(1), 19–34, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358415600207.

            59. Koont, S. (2011) Sustainable Urban Agriculture in Cuba. Gainsveille, FL: University Press of Florida.

            60. Kozak, K. (2016) “Everyday encounters: tourists in Cuban casas particulares”, World Leisure Journal, 58(2), 98–108, doi: 10.1080/16078055.2015.1089316.

            61. Kruijt, D. (2019) “Cuba and its ties with Latin America and the Caribbean, 1959– present”, Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 28(1), 279–301, doi:10.26851/RUCP.28.1.10.

            62. Lamrani, S. (2016) “Women in Cuba: the emancipatory revolution”, International Journal of Cuban Studies, 8(1), 109–18, https://doi.org/10.13169/intejcubastud.8.1.0109.

            63. Látková, P. and Wilson, J. (2016) “American tourists’ pre-and post-trip image of Cuba as a travel destination”, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Studies, 1(3), 29–42.

            64. Látková, P., Jordan, E., Vogt, C., Everette, M. and Aquino, C. (2017) “Tour guides’ roles and their perceptions of tourism development in Cuba”, Tourism Planning and Development, 15(3), 1–17, doi: 10.1080/21568316.2017.1349687.

            65. Leitgeb, F., Schneider, S. and Vogl, C. (2016) “Increasing food sovereignty with urban agriculture in Cuba”, Agricultural Humanities Values, 33, 415–26.

            66. Leyva, Á. and Lores, A. (2018) “Assessing agroecosystem sustainability in Cuba: a new agrobiodiversity index”, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1), 80–93, http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.336.

            67. Lezcano, P. (2005) “Development of a protein source in Cuba, torula yeast (Candida utilis)”, Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 39, 447–51.

            68. López Segrera, Y. (2009) “La conservación del patrimonio: cafetalero en el sudeste de Cuba: el plan de manejo integral”, Apuntes, 22(2), 172–83.

            69. Ludlam, S. (2014) “Cooperativas no agropecuarias: the emergence of a new form of social property in Cuba”, International Journal of Cuban Studies, 6(2), 137–56, https://doi. org/10.13169/intejcubastud.6.2.0137.

            70. Luzón, J. (1998) “Comer y beber en La Habana colonial”, Caravelle, 71, 23–36.

            71. Machado, M. (2018) “What’s going on with land-use in Cuba? Disparate data sets and the Cuban agricultural transition”, Journal of Land Use Science, 13(4), 439–46, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2018.1533044.

            72. Madaleno, A., Eusébio, C. and Varum, C. (2018) “Purchase of local food products during trips by international visitors”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 115–25, https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2167.

            73. Molyneux, M. (2000) “State, gender, and institutional change: the Federación de Mujeres Cubanas”, in M. Molyneux and E. Dore (eds), Hidden Histories of Gender and the State in Latin America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 291–321.

            74. Nadeau, C. (2016) Food Matters: Alonso Quijano’s Diet and the Discourse of Food in Early Modern Spain. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

            75. Nicholls, C., Pérez, N., Vasquez, L. and Altieri, M. (2002) “The development and status of biologically based integrated pest management in Cuba”, Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 7(1), 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025728320114.

            76. Nieto, M. (2002) “Cuban agriculture and food security”, in F. Funes, L. Garcia, M. Bourque, N. Perez and P. Rosset (eds), Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: Food First Books, 40–56.

            77. Nova, A. (2002) “Cuban agriculture before 1990”, in F. Funes, L. Garcia, M. Bourque, N. Perez and P. Rosset (eds), Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: Food First Books, 27–39.

            78. Nova González, A. and Figueroa Alfonso, G. (2018) “Recent transformations in Cuban agricultural policy and impacts on markets and production”, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(78), 1–13, http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.323.

            79. Oficina nacional de estadística e información, Républica de Cuba (n.d.) “Turismo internacional indicadores seleccionados enero-marzo 2020”, accessed 1 October 2020, http://www.onei.gob.cu/.

            80. Ogden, R. (2019) “Lonely planet: affect and authenticity in guidebooks of Cuba”, Social Identities, 25(2), 156–68.

            81. Oktadiana, H., Pearce, P.L. and Mohammadi, Z. (2020) “Special dietary requirements: restaurant sector responses across six tourist cities”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 22, 507–17, https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2352.

            82. Ortiz, F. (2014) “The human factors of Cubanidad”, trans. João Felipe Gonçalves and Gregory Duff Morton, Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 4(3), 445–80.

            83. Panichelli-Batalla, S. and Saavedra Montes de Oca, O. (2017) “Dealing with sensitive topics in communist societies: oral history research in and on Cuba”, Oral History, 45(2), 31–8.

            84. Paponnet-Cantat, C. (2003) “The joy of eating: food and identity in contemporary Cuba”, Caribbean Quarterly, 49(3), 11–29.

            85. Pastore, F., Webster, A. and Hope, K. (2020), “Assessing the role of women in tourism related sectors in the Caribbean”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 22, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2413.

            86. Pérez, E. and Font Abreu, E. (2016) “Agroturismo en La Picadora”, in I. Noronha, V. Vázquez Sanchez and A. Rivero (eds), El patrimonia de las comunidades rurales: experiencias en La Picadora, Cuba e Itatiaiuçu, Brasil. Havana: Universidad de La Habana, 90–5.

            87. Pérez, L. (2002) Winds of Change: Hurricanes and the Transformation of Nineteenth-Century Cuba. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

            88. Pérez, N. and Vazquez, L. (2002) “Ecological pest management”, in F. Funes,.L Garcia, M. Bourque, N. Perez and P. Rosset (eds), Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: Food First Books, 109–43.

            89. Pérez, V., Guerrero, F., González, M., Pérez, F. and Caballero, R. (2013) “Composite indicator for the assessment of sustainability: the case of Cuban nature-based tourism destinations”, Ecological Indicators, 28, 316–24.

            90. Pérez, V., Hernandez Santoyo, A., Guerrero, F., Amparo León, M., Luiz da Silva, C. and Caballero, R. (2017) “Measuring the sustainability of Cuban tourism destinations considering stakeholders’ perceptions”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 19, 318–328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2114.

            91. Pérez-Consuegra, N., Mirabal, L. and Jiménez, L. (2018) “The role of biological control in the sustainability of the Cuban agri-food System”, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(79), 1–15, http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.326.

            92. Pilcher, J. (1998) ¡Que vivan los tamales! Food and the Making of Mexican Identity. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico.

            93. Pollitt, B. (2004) “The rise and fall of the Cuban sugar economy”, Journal of Latin American Studies, 36(2), 319–48.

            94. Posada, P. (2011) “A synopsis of the dual currency system in Cuba”, International Journal of Cuban Studies, 3(1), 43–50, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41945927.

            95. Prieto Samsónov, D. and Martínez Shvietsova, P. (2012) “So, borscht doesn’t mix into the ajiaco? An essay of self-ethnography on the young post-Soviet diaspora in Cuba”, in J. Loss and J. Prieto (eds), Caviar with Rum: Cuba-USSR and the Post-Soviet Experience. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 133–59.

            96. Ramírez Castellanos, E. (2014) “Agroecoturismo: aportes para el desarrollo de una tipología turística en el contexto latinoamericano”, Turismo y Sociedad, 15, 223–36, https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n15.13.

            97. Reardon, J. and Pérez, R. (2010) “Agroecology and the development of indicators of food sovereignty in Cuban food systems”, Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 34(8), 907–22.

            98. Ríos Hernández, A. and Aguerrebere Toledo, S. (1998) La traccion animal en Cuba, Red Cubana de Tracción Animal (RECTA), accessed 30 December 2020, http://www.recta.org/pdf/TraccionanimalenCuba.pdf.

            99. Rodríguez Gago, J. (2016) “Integración de actores locales, programas, proyectos e instituciones para apoyar el desarrollo local de la communidad La Picadora”, in I. Noronha, V. Vázquez Sanchez and A. Rivero (eds), El patrimonia de las comunidades rurales: Experiencias en La Picadora, Cuba e Itatiaiuçu, Brasil. Havana: Universidad de La Habana, 79–83.

            100. Rogerson, C. (2012) “Tourism–agriculture linkages in rural South Africa: evidence from the accommodation sector”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(3), 477–95.

            101. Rosset, P. and Benjamin, M. (eds) (1994) The Greening of the Revolution: Cuba’s Experiment with Organic Agriculture. North Melbourne: Ocean Press.

            102. Rosset, P. and Bourque, M. (2002) “Introduction: lessons of Cuban resistance”, in F. Funes, L. Garcia, M. Bourque, N. Perez and P. Rosset (eds), Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: Food First Books, pp. xiv–xx.

            103. Rutty, M. and Richardson, R. (2019) “Tourism research in Cuba: gaps in knowledge and challenges for sustainable tourism”, Sustainability, 11(12), 3340–7, https://doi. org/10.3390/su11123340.

            104. Sharpley, R. and Knight, M. (2009) “Tourism and the state in Cuba: from the past to the future”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 241–54, DOI: 10.1002/jtr.685.

            105. Sheller, M. (2020) “Reconstructing tourism in the Caribbean: connecting pandemic recovery, climate resilience and sustainable tourism through mobility justice”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1791141.

            106. Shortliffe, S. (2015) “Gender and (world) heritage: the myth of a gender neutral heritage”, in L. Bourdeau, M. Gravari-Barbas and M. Robinson (eds), World Heritage, Tourism and Identity (Burlington, VT: Ashgate), 107–20.

            107. Sims, R. (2009) “Food, place and authenticity: local food and the sustainable tourism experience”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(3), 321–36, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802359293.

            108. Sinaí, B., Suárez, J., Reyes, R., Luna, C., Prado, D. and Calcines, C. (2009) “Integral program for food production in the context of local development: the experience of the Yaguajay municipality, Cuba”, Pastos y Forrajes, 32(2), 197–209.

            109. Smith, L. and Padula, A. (1996) Sex and Revolution: Women in Socialist Cuba. New York: Oxford University Press.

            110. Soler, G. (2014) Las Empresas de Cuba, 1958. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales. Torres, R., Nelson, V., Momsen, J. and Niemeier, D. (2010) “Experiment or transition? Revisiting food distribution in Cuban agromercados from the ‘Special Period’”, Journal of Latin American Geography, 9(1), 67–87.

            111. Treto, E., García, M., Martínez Viera, R. and Febles, J. (2002) “Advances in organic soil management”, in F. Funes, L. Garcia, M. Bourque, N. Perez and P. Rosset (eds), Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: Food First Books, 164–89.

            112. UNESCO (2019) Cuba. Accessed 1 October 2020, https://whc.unesco.org/en/states parties/cu.

            113. Villapol, N. (1992) Cocina Cubana. Havana: Editorial Científico-Técnica.

            114. Wergin, C. (2017) “Reconstructing biodiversity for tourism development: ethnographic accounts from a world heritage site in the making”, in L. Bourdeau, M. Gravari-Barbas and M. Robinson (eds), World Heritage, Tourism and Identity. New York: Routledge, 395–410.

            115. Wilton, S. (2015) “Where to next for Cuban food and agriculture”, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: GAIN Report, 1–13, accessed 30 December 2020, https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/report/downloadreportbyfilename?filename=Where%20to%20Next%20for%20Cuban%20Food%20and%20Agriculture_Miami%20ATO_ Cuba_10-23-2015.pdf.

            116. Wright, J. (2012) “The little-studied success story of post-crisis food security in Cuba: does lack of international interest signify lack of political will?”, International Journal of Cuban Studies, 4(2), 130–53, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41945973.

            117. Wright, J. (2016) “Methodological considerations on the experience of undertaking doctoral research in the agricultural sector in Cuba during the special period (1998–2000)”, International Journal of Cuban Studies, 8(2), 296–308, https://doi.org/10.13169/intejcubastud.8.2.0296.

            118. Yoss, (trans. Daniel W. Koon) (2012) “What the Russians left behind”, in J. Loss and J. Prieto (eds), Caviar with Rum: Cuba-USSR and the Post-Soviet Experience. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 211–29.

            119. Zahniser, S. and Cooke, B. 2015, U.S.-Cuba Agricultural Trade: Past, Present, and Possible Future. Amber Waves, accessed 30 August 2020, https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2015/august/u-s-cuba-agricultural-trade-past-present-and-possible-future/.

            120. Zhang, T., Chen, J. and Hu, B. (2018) “Authenticity, quality, and loyalty: local food and sustainable tourism experience”, Sustainability, 11, 3437–55.

            Comments

            Comment on this article