Cuban Emigration to the United States, Part 1, From 1860 to 1989: A Statistical and Comparative Analysis

Lamrani, Salim

doi:10.13169/intejcubastud.13.2.0213

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International Journal of Cuban Studies

Volume 13, Issue 2

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Cuban Emigration to the United States, Part 1, From 1860 to 1989: A Statistical and Comparative Analysis

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Author(s): Salim Lamrani

Publication date (Print): 1 December 2021

Journal: International Journal of Cuban Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: Cuba, United States, emigration, America, statistics, comparative analysis

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Abstract

Since 1959, Cuban emigration seems to have been the subject of two consensuses. First, the Cuban Revolution would have resulted in a significant migratory movement towards the United States. Second, that this would reflect the rejection of the process of social transformation structured around a one-party political system put in place by Fidel Castro. The migration statistics of the US authorities, available for the period from 1860 to 2019, will shed light on this question by comparing the various flows from Cuba at different times (1860-1959, 1960-89, 1990-2019). Likewise, a comparative analysis of migratory flows emitted by the countries of the region will assess the relevance of these two hypotheses.

Content

Author and article information

Contributors

Salim Lamrani

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005551

Journal ID (jcode): intejcubastud

Title: International Journal of Cuban Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN: 1756-3461

ISSN: 1756-347X

Publication date (Print): 1 December 2021

Volume: 13

Issue: 2 ( doiID: 10.13169/intejcubastud.13.issue-2 )

Pages: 213-229

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Université de La Réunion

Article

Publisher ID: intejcubastud.13.2.0213

DOI: 10.13169/intejcubastud.13.2.0213

SO-VID: c2e205c0-03c6-46b3-8dc0-3ecac6ec762f

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

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lang eng

ScienceOpen disciplines: Literary studies,Arts,Social & Behavioral Sciences,History,Cultural studies,Economics

Keywords: emigration,comparative analysis,statistics,America,United States,Cuba

References

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Aguirre, B. E., Sáenz, Rogelio, and Sinclair James, Brian (1997) “Marielitos ten years later: The Scarface legacy”, Social Science Quarterly, 78(2): 487-507.
Barquet, Jesús J. (1989) “Clés pour comprendre une génération”, Revue française d'études américaines, 41: 345-56.
Brea, Jorge A. (2003) “Population dynamics in Latin America”, Population Bulletin (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau), 58(1): 7.
Card, David (1990) “The impact for the Mariel boatlift on the Miami labor market”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43(2): 245-57.
Copeland, Ronald (1983), “The Cuban boatlift of 1980: Strategies in federal crisis management”, Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science, 467: 138-50.
Department of State (2000) “Migration”, 16 March. https://1997-2001.state.gov/regions/wha/cuba/migration.html (accessed 4 November 2020).
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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Agence France Presse (2017) “L'émigration cubaine, un demi-siècle de contentieux”, 13 January. https://www.lepoint.fr/monde/l-emigration-cubaine-un-demi-siecle-de-contentieux-13-01-2017-2096799_24.php (accessed 4 November 2020).

[2] Aguirre, B. E., Sáenz, Rogelio, and Sinclair James, Brian (1997) “Marielitos ten years later: The Scarface legacy”, Social Science Quarterly, 78(2): 487-507.

[3] Barquet, Jesús J. (1989) “Clés pour comprendre une génération”, Revue française d'études américaines, 41: 345-56.

[4] Brea, Jorge A. (2003) “Population dynamics in Latin America”, Population Bulletin (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau), 58(1): 7.

[5] Card, David (1990) “The impact for the Mariel boatlift on the Miami labor market”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43(2): 245-57.

[6] Copeland, Ronald (1983), “The Cuban boatlift of 1980: Strategies in federal crisis management”, Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science, 467: 138-50.

[7] Department of State (2000) “Migration”, 16 March. https://1997-2001.state.gov/regions/wha/cuba/migration.html (accessed 4 November 2020).

[8] Dumont, Gérard-François (2015) “Cuba: Histoire d'un exode”, Population et Avenir, 5(725). https://www.cairn.info/revue-population-et-avenir-2015-5-page-3.htm (accessed 4 November 2020).

[9] Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1960) “Paper prepared by the 5412 Committee”, 16 March, Eisenhower Library, Project “Clean Up” Records, Cuba. Top Secret. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960.

[10] García, José Manuel (2018) Voices from Mariel: Oral Histories of the 1980 Cuban Boatlift. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

[11] Goodpaster, Andrew Jackson (1960) “Memorandum of a conference with the President, White House, Washington”, 17 October, Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, Miscellaneous Material. Secret. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960.

[12] Hufker, Brian, y Cavender, Gray (1990) “From freedom flotilla to America's burden: The social construction of the Mariel immigrants”, Sociological Quarterly, 31(2): 321-35.

[13] Hurwich, Robert A. (1961) “Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Cuba”, 3 January, Department of State, Central Files, 611.37/1-361. Unclassified, NIACT, Verbatim Text. Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963, Cuba, 1961-1962, documento 7.

[14] Kennedy, Robert F. (1961) “Memorandum from the Attorney General (Kennedy) to President Kennedy”, 19 de abril, Kennedy Library, President's Office Files, Countries Series, Cuba, General, April 1961. Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963, Cuba, 1961-1962, document 157.

[15] Khrushchev, Nikita (1962) “Message from Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy”, 28 October, Department of State, S/S Files, Lot 65 D 438, Miscellaneous. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, volume XI, Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath, documento 102.

[16] Lamrani, Salim (2007) Fidel Castro, Cuba et les Etats-Unis. Pantin: Le Temps des Cerises.

[17] Masud-Piloto, Felix (1996) From Welcomed Exiles to Illegal Immigrants: Cuban Migration to the U.S., 1959-1995. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.

[18] Mitchell, William (1962) “The Cuban Refugee Program”, Social Security Bulletin (March): 1-3. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v25n3/v25n3p3.pdf (accessed 4 November 2020).

[19] Paarlberg, Don (1960) “Memorandum of discussion, White House”, 6 July, Eisenhower Library, Project “Clean Up” Records, Cuba. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960.

[20] Rojas Ochoa, Francisco (2015) “El número de médicos en Cuba”, Revista Cubana de Salud Pública (January–March). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-34662015000100013 (accessed 23 March 2020).

[21] Thomas, John F. (sin fecha) “Cuban refugees in the United States”. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/exile/refugees.pdf (accessed 4 November 2020).

[22] United States Congress (1966) “Cuban Adjustment Act”, Public Law 89-732, 2 de noviembre. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg1161.pdf (accessed 2 November 2020).

[23] United States Department of Homeland Security (2020) “Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2019”, table 2. https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019#* (accessed 2 November 2020).

[24] United States General Accounting Office (1995) “Cuba. U.S. response to the 1994 Cuban migration crisis”, septiembre. https://www.gao.gov/assets/230/221797.pdf (accessed 11 November 2020).

[25] Weisman, Steven R. (1980) “President says U.S. offers ‘open arms’ to Cuban refugees”, New York Times, 6 May.

[26] World Bank (2020a) “Population, total. Belize, 1960-2019”. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2019&locations=BZ&start=1960 (accessed 24 November 2020).

[27] World Bank (2020b), “Population, total. Guyana, 1960-2019”. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2019&locations=GY&start=1960 (accessed 23 November 2020).

[28] World Bank (2020c), “Population, total. Jamaica, 1960-2019”. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2019&locations=JM&start=1960 (accessed 23 November 2020).