La emigración cubana hacia los Estados Unidos, Parte 1, de 1860 a 1989: Un análisis estadístico y comparativo

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International Journal of Cuban Studies

Volume 13, Issue 2

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La emigración cubana hacia los Estados Unidos, Parte 1, de 1860 a 1989: Un análisis estadístico y comparativo

research-article

Author(s): Salim Lamrani

Publication date (Print): 1 December 2021

Journal: International Journal of Cuban Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: Cuba, Estados Unidos, emigración, América, estadísticas, análisis comparativo

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Abstract

En los Estados Unidos en particular, pero también en los países occidentales, desde 1959 la emigración cubana es objeto de dos consensos. Primero, la Revolución cubana habría ocasionado un importante movimiento migratorio hacia los Estados Unidos. Luego, éste sería el reflejo del rechazo del proceso de transformación social estructurado en torno a un sistema político con partido único elaborado por Fidel Castro. Las estadísticas migratorias de las autoridades estadounidenses disponibles para el período que va de 1860 a 2019, permitirán arrojar una luz sobre esta cuestión al comparar los distintos flujos procedentes de Cuba en diferentes épocas (1860-1959, 1960-1989, 1990-2019). Del mismo modo, un análisis comparativo de las corrientes migratorias emitidas por los países de la región evaluará la pertinencia de estas dos hipótesis.

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Contributors

Salim Lamrani

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005551

Journal ID (jcode): intejcubastud

Title: International Journal of Cuban Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN: 1756-3461

ISSN: 1756-347X

Publication date (Print): 1 December 2021

Volume: 13

Issue: 2 ( doiID: 10.13169/intejcubastud.13.issue-2 )

Pages: 230-247

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Université de La Réunion

Article

Publisher ID: intejcubastud.13.2.0230

DOI: 10.13169/intejcubastud.13.2.0230

SO-VID: dfcb33dc-d6a8-463e-af4f-067aef6fb97e

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Literary studies,Arts,Social & Behavioral Sciences,History,Cultural studies,Economics

Keywords: análisis comparativo,estadísticas,América,emigración,Estados Unidos,Cuba

Bibliografía

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Brea, Jorge A. (2003) “Population dynamics in Latin America”, Population Bulletin (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau)volume, 58(1): 7.
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Comments

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[1] Agence France Presse (2017) “L'émigration cubaine, un demi-siècle de contentieux”, 13 de enero. https://www.lepoint.fr/monde/l-emigration-cubaine-un-demi-siecle-de-contentieux-13-01-2017-2096799_24.php (sitio consultado el 4 de noviembre de 2020).

[2] Aguirre, B. E., Sáenz, Rogelio, y Sinclair James, Brian (1997) “Marielitos Ten Years Later: The Scarface Legacy”, Social Science Quarterly, 78(2): 487-507.

[3] Barquet, Jesús J. (1989) “Clés pour comprendre une génération”, Revue française d'études américaines, 41:345-56.

[4] Brea, Jorge A. (2003) “Population dynamics in Latin America”, Population Bulletin (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau)volume, 58(1): 7.

[5] Card, David (1990) “The impact for the Mariel boatlift on the Miami labor market”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43(2): 245-57.

[6] Copeland, Ronald (1983), “The Cuban boatlift of 1980: Strategies in federal crisis management”, Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science, 467: 138-50.

[7] Department of State (2000) “Migration”, 16 de marzo. https://1997-2001.state.gov/regions/wha/cuba/migration.html (sitio consultado el 4 de noviembre de 2020).

[8] Dumont, Gérard-François (2015) “Cuba: Histoire d'un exode”, Population et Avenir, 5(725). https://www.cairn.info/revue-population-et-avenir-2015-5-page-3.htm (sitio consultado el 4 de noviembre de 2020).

[9] Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1960) “Paper prepared by the 5412 Committee”, 16 de marzo, Eisenhower Library, Project “Clean Up” Records, Cuba. Secret. Eyes Only. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960.

[10] García, José Manuel (2018) Voices from Mariel: Oral Histories of the 1980 Cuban Boatlift. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

[11] Goodpaster, Andrew Jackson (1960) “Memorandum of a conference with the President, White House, Washington”, 17 de octubre, Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, Miscellaneous Material. Secret. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960.

[12] Hufker, Brian, y Cavender, Gray (1990) “From freedom flotilla to America's burden: The social construction of the Mariel immigrants”, Sociological Quarterly, 31(2): 321-35.

[13] Hurwich, Robert A. (1961) “Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Cuba”, 3 de enero, Department of State, Central Files, 611.37/1-361. Unclassified, NIACT, Verbatim Text. Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963, Cuba, 1961-1962, documento n° 7.

[14] Kennedy, Robert F. (1961) “Memorandum from the Attorney General (Kennedy) to President Kennedy”, 19 de abril, Kennedy Library, President's Office Files, Countries Series, Cuba, General, April 1961. Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963, Cuba, 1961-1962, documento n° 157.

[15] Khrushchev, Nikita (1962) “Message from Chairman Khruschev to President Kennedy”, 28 de octubre, Department of State, S/S Files, Lot 65 D 438, Miscellaneous. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, Volume XI, Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath, documento n° 102.

[16] Lamrani, Salim (2007) Fidel Castro, Cuba et les Etats-Unis. Pantin: Le Temps des Cerises.

[17] Masud-Piloto, Felix (1996) From Welcomed Exiles to Illegal Immigrants: Cuban Migration to the U.S., 1959-1995. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

[18] Mitchell, William (1962) “The Cuban Refugee Program”, Social Security Bulletin (marzo): 1-3. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v25n3/v25n3p3.pdf (sitio consultado el 4 de noviembre de 2020).

[19] Paarlberg, Don (1960) “Memorandum of discussion, White House”, 6 de julio, Eisenhower Library, Project “Clean Up” Records, Cuba. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960.

[20] Rojas Ochoa, Francisco (2015) “El número de médicos en Cuba”, Revista Cubana de Salud Pública (enero-marzo). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-34662015000100013 (sitio consultado el 23 de marzo de 2020).

[21] Thomas, John F. (sin fecha) “Cuban refugees in the United States”. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/exile/refugees.pdf (sitio consultado el 10 de noviembre de 2020).

[22] United States Congress (1966) “Cuban Adjustment Act”, Public Law 89-732, 2 de noviembre. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg1161.pdf (sitio consultado el 2 de noviembre de 2020).

[23] United States Department of Homeland Security (2020) “Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2019”, table 2. https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019#* (sitio consultado el 2 de noviembre de 2020).

[24] United States General Accounting Office (1995) “Cuba. U.S. response to the 1994 Cuban migration crisis”, septiembre. https://www.gao.gov/assets/230/221797.pdf (sitio consultado el 11 de noviembre de 2020).

[25] Weisman, Steven R. (1980) “President says U.S. offers ‘open arms’ to Cuban refugees”, New York Times, 6 de mayo.

[26] World Bank (2020a) “Population, total. Belize, 1960-2019”. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2019&locations=BZ&start=1960 (site consulté le 24 novembre 2020).

[27] World Bank (2020b), “Population, total. Guyana, 1960-2019”. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2019&locations=GY&start=1960 (site consulté le 23 novembre 2020).

[28] World Bank (2020c), “Population, total. Jamaica, 1960-2019”. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2019&locations=JM&start=1960 (sitio consultado el 23 de noviembre de 2020).