For “Jewish” Read “Muslim”? Islamophobia as a Form of Racialisation of Ethno-Religious Groups in Britain Today

Nasar Meer, null; Tariq Modood, null

doi:10.13169/islastudj.1.1.0034

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Islamophobia Studies Journal

Volume 1, Issue 1

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For “Jewish” Read “Muslim”? Islamophobia as a Form of Racialisation of Ethno-Religious Groups in Britain Today

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Author(s): Nasar Meer , Tariq Modood

Publication date (Print): Spring 2012

Journal: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Nasar Meer

Tariq Modood

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): islastudj

Title: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 23258381

ISSN (Electronic): 2325839X

Publication date (Print): Spring 2012

Volume: 1

Issue: 1

Pages: 34-53

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Northumbria University

University of Bristol

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Publisher ID: islastudj.1.1.0034

DOI: 10.13169/islastudj.1.1.0034

SO-VID: 83e5dfa1-f31c-4d98-900d-953fe2f2df6f

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References

Abbott, D. (2005) Hansard (HC), col. 681, 21 June 2005.
Afshar, H., Aitken, R., and Myfanwy, F. (2005) ‘Feminisms, Islamophobia and Identities’, Political Studies , 53 (2) pp: 262–280
Alibhai-Brown, Y. (1998) “The Media and Race Relations”, in T. Blackstone, B. Parekh and P. Sanders (1998) (eds) Race Relations in Britain: A Developing Agenda . London: Routledge.
Anthony, A. (2007) The Fallout: How a Guilty Liberal Lost His Innocence . London: Jonathan Cape.
Barker, M. (1981) The New Racism: Conservatives and the Ideology of the Tribe , London: Junction Books.
Benbassa, E. (2007) “Xenophobia, Anti-Semitism, and Racism: Europe's Recurring Evils?”, in: Matti Bunzl, Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Hatreds Old and New in Europe , Chicago, Prickly Paradigm Press.
Bunzl, M. (2005) ‘Between anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Some thoughts on the new Europe’, American Ethnologist, 32 (4), November 2005, pp. 499–508.
Bunzl, M. (2007) Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Hatreds Old and New in Europe . Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.
Chanes, J. A. (2004) Antisemitism: A Reference Handbook . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
Cohen, N. (2007) What's Left? How Liberals Lost Their Way . London: HarperPerennial.
Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia (1997) Islamophobia: A Challenge For Us All , London: Trentham Books
Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia (2004) Islamophobia: issues challenges and action . London: Trentham Books.
Davis, D. (2005) Hansard (HC), col. 686, 21 June 2005.
Dodd, V. (2006) ‘Universities urged to spy on Muslims’, The Guardian , 16 October, 2006.
Evans, M. and Ford, R. (2007) ‘Recruit Muslim spies in war on terror, urges new security chief’, The Times , 9 July, 2007.
Field, C. D. (2007) ‘Islamophobia in Contemporary Britain: The Evidence of the Opinion Polls, 1988–2006’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations , 18 (4) pp: 447–477.
Fredrickson, G.M. (2002) Racism: A Short History , Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Gilroy, P. (1987) There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation , London: Heinemann.
Goldberg, D.T., (2006), ‘Racial Europeanization’, Ethnic and Racial Studies , 29 (2): 331–364.
Gottschalk, P. and Greenberg, G. (2008) Islamophobia: Making Muslims the Enemy . New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Gove, M. (2006) Celsius 7/7 . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Hartman, N. and Husbands, C. (1974) Racism and the Mass Media . London: Davis-Poytner.
Halliday, F. (2003:) Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle East . New York: I.B. Tauris.
Hansen, R (2006) ‘The Danish cartoon controversy: a defence of literal freedom’, International Migration, 44 (5), pp: 7–16.
Islamic Human Rights Commission (IHRC) ‘Enormous upsurge in anti-Muslim backlash’, Islamic Human Rights Commission press release, 22 July 2005.
Joppke, C. (2007) ‘Limits of integration policy: Britain and her Muslims’, paper presented at the conference ‘Muslims and the state in the post-9/11West’, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 20-/1 April 2007;
Leppard, D. (2007) ‘UK Spying On Muslims Who Visit Mecca’, The Times , 21 January, 2007.
Levey, G. B. and Modood, T. (2009) (eds) Secularism, Religion and Multicultural Citizenship , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Malik, K. (2005) ‘Are Muslims hated?’, 30 Minutes, broadcast on Channel 4, 8 January 2005, transcript available online at www.kenanmalik.com/tv/c4_islamophobia.html (viewed 13 September 2007).
Marshall-Andrews, B. (2005) Hansard (HC), col. 676, 21 June 2005
Meer, N. (2006). “‘Get off your knees!’ Print media public intellectuals and Muslims in Britain”, Journalism Studies , 7, pp: 35–59.
Meer, N. (2007) “Less equal than others”, Index on Censorship , 36 (2) pp: 112–116
Meer, N. (2008) 'The politics of voluntary and involuntary identities: are Muslims in Britain an ethnic, racial or religious minority? Patterns of Prejudice , 42 (1), pp: 61–81.
Meer, N., and Noorani, T. (2008) ‘A sociological comparison of anti-Semitism and anti-Muslim sentiment in Britain’, The Sociological Review , 56 (2), pp: 195–219.
Metropolitan Police Authority (2004) Report of the MPA Scrutiny on MPS Stop and Search Practice . London: MPA
Miles, R. (1989) Racism , London and New York: Routledge
Modood, T. (1997) “Difference’, Cultural-Racism and Anti-Racism’ in Werbner, P and Modood, T., (eds), Debating Cultural Hybridities: Identities and the Politics of Anti-Racism , London: Zed Books.
Modood, T. (2005). Multicultural politics: Racism, ethnicity and Muslims in Britain . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Modood, T., (2006), ‘Obstacles to Multicultural Integration’, International Migration , 44 (5): 51–62.
Modood, T. (2008) ‘Multicultural Citizenship and the anti-sharia storm’, Open Democracy.net , 14 February 2008.
Ozanne, W. I. (2006) ‘Review of Confronting Islamophobia in educational practice’ Barry van Driel (Ed.), 2004 in Comparative Education, 42, (2), May 2006, p. 283.
Parekh, B. (2006) “Europe, liberalism and the ‘Muslim question’” in T. Modood., A. Triandafyllidou and R. Zapata-Barrero. (eds) (2006). Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach . London: Routledge.
Phillips, M. (2006) Londonistan: How Britain created a terror state within . London: Gibson Square Books
Rana, J. (2007) ‘The Story of Islamophobia’, Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society , 9 (2), pp: 148–162.
Rattansi, A., (2007), Racism: A Very Short Introduction , Oxford University Press.
Report of the All Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Anti-Semitism (2006), London: HMSO
Reisigl, M., and Wodak, R. (2001) Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Anti-Semitism . London: Routledge.
Richardson, J.E., (2006) On delineating ‘reasonable’ and ‘unreasonable’ criticisms of Muslims . Fifth Estate Online, August 2006. http://www.fifth-estateonline.co.uk/criticsm/ondelineatingreasonableandunreasonable.html.
Solomos, J. (1991) ‘Political Language and Racial Discourse’, European Journal of Intercultural Studies , 2 (1): 21–34.
Toynbee, P. (1997) ‘In defence of Islamophobia’, Independent, 23 October, 1997.
Toynbee, P. (2005) ‘My right to offend a fool’, Guardian, 10 June, 2005.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Abbott, D. (2005) Hansard (HC), col. 681, 21 June 2005.

[2] Afshar, H., Aitken, R., and Myfanwy, F. (2005) ‘Feminisms, Islamophobia and Identities’, Political Studies , 53 (2) pp: 262–280

[3] Alibhai-Brown, Y. (1998) “The Media and Race Relations”, in T. Blackstone, B. Parekh and P. Sanders (1998) (eds) Race Relations in Britain: A Developing Agenda . London: Routledge.

[4] Anthony, A. (2007) The Fallout: How a Guilty Liberal Lost His Innocence . London: Jonathan Cape.

[5] Barker, M. (1981) The New Racism: Conservatives and the Ideology of the Tribe , London: Junction Books.

[6] Benbassa, E. (2007) “Xenophobia, Anti-Semitism, and Racism: Europe's Recurring Evils?”, in: Matti Bunzl, Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Hatreds Old and New in Europe , Chicago, Prickly Paradigm Press.

[7] Bunzl, M. (2005) ‘Between anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Some thoughts on the new Europe’, American Ethnologist, 32 (4), November 2005, pp. 499–508.

[8] Bunzl, M. (2007) Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Hatreds Old and New in Europe . Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.

[9] Chanes, J. A. (2004) Antisemitism: A Reference Handbook . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.

[10] Cohen, N. (2007) What's Left? How Liberals Lost Their Way . London: HarperPerennial.

[11] Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia (1997) Islamophobia: A Challenge For Us All , London: Trentham Books

[12] Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia (2004) Islamophobia: issues challenges and action . London: Trentham Books.

[13] Davis, D. (2005) Hansard (HC), col. 686, 21 June 2005.

[14] Dodd, V. (2006) ‘Universities urged to spy on Muslims’, The Guardian , 16 October, 2006.

[15] Evans, M. and Ford, R. (2007) ‘Recruit Muslim spies in war on terror, urges new security chief’, The Times , 9 July, 2007.

[16] Field, C. D. (2007) ‘Islamophobia in Contemporary Britain: The Evidence of the Opinion Polls, 1988–2006’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations , 18 (4) pp: 447–477.

[17] Fredrickson, G.M. (2002) Racism: A Short History , Princeton: Princeton University Press.

[18] Gilroy, P. (1987) There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation , London: Heinemann.

[19] Goldberg, D.T., (2006), ‘Racial Europeanization’, Ethnic and Racial Studies , 29 (2): 331–364.

[20] Gottschalk, P. and Greenberg, G. (2008) Islamophobia: Making Muslims the Enemy . New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

[21] Gove, M. (2006) Celsius 7/7 . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

[22] Hartman, N. and Husbands, C. (1974) Racism and the Mass Media . London: Davis-Poytner.

[23] Halliday, F. (2003:) Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle East . New York: I.B. Tauris.

[24] Hansen, R (2006) ‘The Danish cartoon controversy: a defence of literal freedom’, International Migration, 44 (5), pp: 7–16.

[25] Islamic Human Rights Commission (IHRC) ‘Enormous upsurge in anti-Muslim backlash’, Islamic Human Rights Commission press release, 22 July 2005.

[26] Joppke, C. (2007) ‘Limits of integration policy: Britain and her Muslims’, paper presented at the conference ‘Muslims and the state in the post-9/11West’, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 20-/1 April 2007;

[27] Leppard, D. (2007) ‘UK Spying On Muslims Who Visit Mecca’, The Times , 21 January, 2007.

[28] Levey, G. B. and Modood, T. (2009) (eds) Secularism, Religion and Multicultural Citizenship , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[29] Malik, K. (2005) ‘Are Muslims hated?’, 30 Minutes, broadcast on Channel 4, 8 January 2005, transcript available online at www.kenanmalik.com/tv/c4_islamophobia.html (viewed 13 September 2007).

[30] Marshall-Andrews, B. (2005) Hansard (HC), col. 676, 21 June 2005

[31] Meer, N. (2006). “‘Get off your knees!’ Print media public intellectuals and Muslims in Britain”, Journalism Studies , 7, pp: 35–59.

[32] Meer, N. (2007) “Less equal than others”, Index on Censorship , 36 (2) pp: 112–116

[33] Meer, N. (2008) 'The politics of voluntary and involuntary identities: are Muslims in Britain an ethnic, racial or religious minority? Patterns of Prejudice , 42 (1), pp: 61–81.

[34] Meer, N., and Noorani, T. (2008) ‘A sociological comparison of anti-Semitism and anti-Muslim sentiment in Britain’, The Sociological Review , 56 (2), pp: 195–219.

[35] Metropolitan Police Authority (2004) Report of the MPA Scrutiny on MPS Stop and Search Practice . London: MPA

[36] Miles, R. (1989) Racism , London and New York: Routledge

[37] Modood, T. (1997) “Difference’, Cultural-Racism and Anti-Racism’ in Werbner, P and Modood, T., (eds), Debating Cultural Hybridities: Identities and the Politics of Anti-Racism , London: Zed Books.

[38] Modood, T. (2005). Multicultural politics: Racism, ethnicity and Muslims in Britain . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

[39] Modood, T., (2006), ‘Obstacles to Multicultural Integration’, International Migration , 44 (5): 51–62.

[40] Modood, T. (2008) ‘Multicultural Citizenship and the anti-sharia storm’, Open Democracy.net , 14 February 2008.

[41] Ozanne, W. I. (2006) ‘Review of Confronting Islamophobia in educational practice’ Barry van Driel (Ed.), 2004 in Comparative Education, 42, (2), May 2006, p. 283.

[42] Parekh, B. (2006) “Europe, liberalism and the ‘Muslim question’” in T. Modood., A. Triandafyllidou and R. Zapata-Barrero. (eds) (2006). Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach . London: Routledge.

[43] Phillips, M. (2006) Londonistan: How Britain created a terror state within . London: Gibson Square Books

[44] Rana, J. (2007) ‘The Story of Islamophobia’, Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society , 9 (2), pp: 148–162.

[45] Rattansi, A., (2007), Racism: A Very Short Introduction , Oxford University Press.

[46] Report of the All Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Anti-Semitism (2006), London: HMSO

[47] Reisigl, M., and Wodak, R. (2001) Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Anti-Semitism . London: Routledge.

[48] Richardson, J.E., (2006) On delineating ‘reasonable’ and ‘unreasonable’ criticisms of Muslims . Fifth Estate Online, August 2006. http://www.fifth-estateonline.co.uk/criticsm/ondelineatingreasonableandunreasonable.html.

[49] Solomos, J. (1991) ‘Political Language and Racial Discourse’, European Journal of Intercultural Studies , 2 (1): 21–34.

[50] Toynbee, P. (1997) ‘In defence of Islamophobia’, Independent, 23 October, 1997.

[51] Toynbee, P. (2005) ‘My right to offend a fool’, Guardian, 10 June, 2005.