The Islamophobia Industry, Hate, and Its Impact on Muslim Immigrants and OIC State Development

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Islamophobia Studies Journal

Volume 2, Issue 2

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The Islamophobia Industry, Hate, and Its Impact on Muslim Immigrants and OIC State Development

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Author(s): Joseph Kaminski

Publication date (Print): Fall 2014

Journal: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

This paper first looks at the Islamophobia industry and some of its most well know figures. It then looks at relations between Muslims and Non-Muslims in Europe and the United States. I discuss the historical and cultural precedents surrounding Islamic immigration. I show that there are differences in patterns of assimilation between Muslims in the US and Europe. The Islamophobia industry and its impact on geopolitical developments in the Muslim world is also explored. It is concluded that xenophobia in the west ultimately only stifles the democratic processes in the Muslim world.

Content

Author and article information

Contributors

Joseph Kaminski:

International Univesity of SarajevoAssistant Professor of Political Science

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): islastudj

Title: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 23258381

ISSN (Electronic): 2325839X

Publication date (Print): Fall 2014

Volume: 2

Issue: 2

Pages: 157-176

Article

Publisher ID: islastudj.2.2.0157

DOI: 10.13169/islastudj.2.2.0157

SO-VID: a5af4874-f9af-4c04-a182-9d3560651b93

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

ScienceOpen disciplines: Social & Behavioral Sciences

References

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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Statistical, Social, and Economic Research Training Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRIC). Population Structure of the OIC Member Countries . October 9, 2007. http://www.sesric.org/files/article/366.pdf Accessed online 7/20/11.

[2] Stone, Carol. “Estimate of Muslims Living in America.” in The Muslims of America . 1^st edition. 1991. Edited by Yvonne Haddad. Abu Dawud. Sunan Abu Dawud . Translated by Ahmed Hassan. Accessed Online 7/20/11. http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/abudawud/

[3] ADL Press Release. “Backgrounder: Stop Islamization of America.” 3/25/2011. http://www.adl.org/main_Extremism/sioa.htm Accessed 7/14/12.

[4] Afary, Janet and Kevin Anderson. 2005. Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism . Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

[5] Ahmed, Gutbi Mahdi. “Muslim Organizations in the United States.” in The Muslims of America . 1^st edition. 1991. Edited by Yvonne Haddad. Oxford University Press. New York.

[6] American Religious Identification Survey 2008. http://www.americanreligionsurvey-aris.org/ Accessed Online 7/1/11.

[7] Andrews, Kenneth and Neal Caren. 2010. “Making the News: Movement Organizations, Media Attention, and the Public Agenda.” American Sociological Review 75: 841–66.

[8] Armstrong, Karen. “Balancing the Prophet.” Financial Times . April 27, 2007

[9] Bagby, Ihsan, Paul M. Perl, and Bryan T. Froehle. Council on American-Islamic Relations (Washington, D.C.). 2/20/10. Accessed online 7/1/11. http://www.cair.com/AboutIslam/IslamBasics.aspx

[10] Bail, Christopher. 2012. “The Fringe Effect: Civil Society Organizations and the Evolution of Media Discourse about Islam since the September 11^th Attacks.” American Sociological Review 77: 855–79.

[11] Barazangi, Nimat Hafez. “Islamic Education in the United States and Canada: Conception and Practice of the Islamic Belief System.” in The Muslims of America . 1^st edition. 1991. Edited by Yvonne Haddad. Oxford University Press. New York.

[12] Barnard and Fuerer. “Outraged and Outrageous.” The New York Times . Oct. 8, 2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/nyregion/10geller.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all Accessed 7/14/2012.

[13] Being Muslim in America . 2008. The United States Department of State/Bureau of International Information Programs. Accessed online 7/4/2011. http://www.america.gov/media/pdf/books/being-muslim-in-america.pdf

[14] Bunzl, Matti. “Between Anti-Semitism and Islamaphobia: Some Thoughts on the New Europe.” American Ethnologist . Vol 32, Issue 4. (2005), 499–508.

[15] Charter of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. Ratified March 2008 in Dakar, Senegal. http://www.oic-oci.org/is11/english/Charter-en.pdf. Accessed Online 7/20/11.

[16] Council for American and Islamic Relations (CAIR). 2011. “Our Vision, Mission, and Core Principles.” http://www.cair.com/AboutUs/VisionMissionCorePrinciples.aspx

[17] Crepaz, Markus. 2006. “‘If You Are My Brother, I May Give You a Dime!’ Public Opinion on Multiculturalism, Trust, and the Welfare State,” in Banting and Kymlicka, eds., Multiculturalism and the Welfare State . Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 92–120.

[18] Deliso, Christopher. 2007. The Coming Balkan Caliphate: The Threat of Radical Islam to Europe and the West . Praeger Press. New York.

[19] Dodge, Christine Huda. “Muslim Victims of 9/11 Attack: Several dozen Muslims were Among the Innocent Victims.” Accessed Online 6/28/11. http://islam.about.com/od/terrorism/a/Muslim-Victims-Of-9-11-Attack.htm

[20] El Fadl, Khaled M. Abou. 2007. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists . Harper Collins. New York.

[21] Esposito, John. 2010. The Future of Islam . Oxford University Press. New York.

[22] Geller, Pamela. ‘Final Report of Obama Birth Certificate Forgery: Change you can believe in.’ Atlas Shrugs . 7/20/2008. Accessed Online.7/14/2012. http://atlasshrugs2000.typepad.com/atlas_shrugs/2008/07/atlas-exclusive.html

[23] Glynn, Casey. “Muslim Woman Sues Abercrombie & Fitch, Say She Was Fired Over Hijab.” CBS News Online. 6/28/11. Accessed online 6/28/11. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504083_162-20075051-504083.html#ixzz1QanEBpkO

[24] Harris, Roy. 2007. The Suicide of Reason: Radical Islam's Threat to the West . Basic Books. New York.

[25] Huntington, Samuel. “Clash of the Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs . Vol. 72, No. 3 (Summer 1993) 21–49.

[26] Ibn al-Arabi. Ahkaam al-Qur'an . Vol. 1/484–485

[27] Kaplan, Robert. 1995. “Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite.” New York: Simon and Schuster Publishing.

[28] Koszegi, Michael and Melton, J. Gordon. 1992. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook . Garland Publishing Inc. New York.

[29] Kymlicka, Will and Keith Banting. 2006. “Immigration, Multiculturalism, and the Welfare State.” Ethics & International Affairs . Vol. 20, Issue 3. (2006), 281–304.

[30] Kymlicka, Will. 2007. “Multicultural Odyssey: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity.” Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.

[31] Lean, Nathan. 2012. The Islamaphobia Industry: How the Right Manufactures Fear of Muslims . New York: Press.

[32] Leiken, Robert S. “Europe's Angry Muslim's.” Foreign Affairs . Vol. 84, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2005), 120–135.

[33] Levtzion, Nehemia, and Randall L. Pouwels. 2000. The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press. Athens, OH.

[34] MacAskill, E. “Firing of Juan Williams for Muslim Comment's attacked by US Rightwingers.” The Guradian . Oct. 21^st, 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/oct/22/williams-npr-firing-palin-right Accessed Online 7/14/2012.

[35] Mahmood, Syed. “The American Revolution as Affected by the Muslim World.” The Journal of America . http://www.umanet.org/cms.cfm?fuseaction=articles.viewThisArticle&articleID=263&pageID=159

[36] Marcotte, Amanda. “Bill Maher is Gross.” Slate Magazine Online . 7/18/2014. http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/07/18/bill_maher_s_sexist_tweet_the_so_called_progressive_makes_light_of_domestic.html Accessed Online 8/4/2014.

[37] Morsi, Mohammed. “Statement of H.E. Dr. Mohammed Morsi President of the Arab Republic of Egypt Before the 67^th General Assembly of the United Nations” September 26, 2012. 1–16. http://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/67/EG_en.pdf

[38] Muslim Americans: A National Portrait; An In-depth Analysis of America's Most Diverse Religious Community . 2009. The Muslim West Facts Project. http://www.gallup.com/strategicconsulting/153572/REPORT-Muslim-Americans-National-Portrait.aspx Accessed Online 11/11/12.

[39] Nasr, Sayeed Hossein. 2010. Islam in the Modern World . Harper One Publishers. New York.

[40] Nawal, Allan. “Islamic Cleric Urges All Muslims to Reject Terrorism.” 1/23/05. Free Republic . Accessed online 6/28/11. http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1326775/posts

[41] Nawawi, Al-Imam Abu Zakariya. 1999. Riyâd-us-Sâliheen . Vol. 1 and 2. Translated by Dr. Muhammad Amin Abu Usamah Al-Arabi bin Razduq. Commentary by Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf. Darussalam Publishers. Houston, TX.

[42] Newcomb, Alyssa. “France becomes First European Country to Ban Burqua.” ABC Online News. 4/10/11. Accessed Online 6/28/11. http://abcnews.go.com/International/burqa-ban-effect-france/story?id=13344555

[43] Nyang, Sulayman. “Convergence and Divergence in an Emigrant Community: A Study of Challenges Facing US Muslims.” in The Muslims of America . 1^st edition. 1991. Edited by Yvonne Haddad. Oxford University Press. New York.

[44] Pew Research Forum on Religious and Public Life . “Among U.S. Religious Groups, Muslims Seen as Facing More Discrimination.” Survey conducted Aug. 11–17, 2009.

[45] Rahman, Ray. 2010. “Bill Maher Afraid Mohammeds, Islam Taking Over Western World.” Accessed online 6/28/11. http://www.mediaite.com/tv/bill-maher-afraid-mohammeds-islam-taking-over-western-world

[46] Robinson, David. 2004. Muslim Societies in African History . Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.

[47] Roy, Oliver. 2004. Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah . Columbia University Press. New York.

[48] Said, Edward. 1979. Orientalism . Vintage Books. New York.

[49] The Sisat Daily . “Muslims in Britain Throng to see Sudais.” 8/10/09. Accessed Online 6/28/11. http://www.siasat.com/english/news/muslims-britain-throng-hear-sudais

[50] Siemaszko, Corky. “Southern Poverty Law Center lists anti-Islamic NYC blogger Pamela Geller, followers a hate Group.” New York Daily News . Feb. 25, 2011. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-02-25/local/28647400_1_islamic-center-anti-islamic-pamela-geller Accessed Online 7/14/12.

[51] Spencer, Robert. 2008. Stealth Jihad: How Radical Islam is Subverting America without Guns or Bombs . Regnery Publishing. Oxford University Press. New York.

[52] Swarts, Philip. “Maher Blames Hamas for Gaza Violence, ‘Do you really expect the Israeli's not to retaliate?’” The Washington Times . July 19, 2014. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/19/bill-maher-blames-hamas-gaza-violence-do-you-reall/#ixzz39TsZPS5s Accessed 8/3/2014.

[53] Uthaymeen, Mohammed bin-Salih. Speech given to audience in Birmingham, UK on 7/28/2000. Accessed online 6/28/11. http://muslimways.com/islam-against-terrorism/how-muslims-should-behave-in-non-muslim-societies-by-shaykh-uthaimeen.html

[54] Voll, John O. “Islamic Issues for Muslims in the United States.” in The Muslims of America . 1^st edition. 1991. Edited by Yvonne Haddad. Oxford University Press. New York.

[55] Warner, Carolyn and Wenner, Manfred. “Religion and the Political Organization of Muslims in Europe.” Perspectives on Politics . Vol. 4, No. 3 (Sep., 2006), 457–479.

[56] Wilks, Ivor. 1989. Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana . Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.

[57] Wilks, Ivor. 1995. Forests of Gold: Essays on Akan & Kingdom of Asante . Ohio University Press. Athens, OH.