How Fair Trade can stay strong as companies scale up their social and environmental programmes

Footnotes

1. Retrieved from https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/big-issues/un-guiding-principles-on-business-human-rights/

2. Retrieved from https://forestdeclaration.org/

3. Retrieved from https://www.voicenetwork.eu/cocoa-barometer/

4. NORC, Assessing progress in reducing child labor in cocoa production in cocoa growing areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Chicago: NORC, 2020.

5. Oxfam report, Workers' rights in human supply chains. Oxford: Oxfam, October 2019.

6. Retrieved from https://www.fairtrade.net/about/mission#:~:text=Our%20mission%20is%20to%20connect%20disadvantaged%20producers%20and,position%20and%20take%20more%20control%20over%20their%20lives.

7. Retrieved from https://www.nestle.com/csv/raw-materials/nestle-cocoa-plan#:~:text=The%20Nestl%C3%A9%20Cocoa%20Plan%20%E2%80%99s%20vision%20is%20to,with%20depleted%20soils%20and%20older%2C%20less%20productive%20trees.

8. A. Canning, 25 June 2020. https://fairworldproject.org

9. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2005/oct/07/ethicalbusiness.fairtrade

10. Retrieved from www.nestle.com/sites/default/files/2021-01/sustainable-journey-ten-years-nescafe-plan-2021-en.pdf

11. John Ament, Global Vice President of cocoa, Mars, Incorporated. Retrieved from https://www.mars.com/sustainability-plan/cocoa-for-generations

12. https://www.mars.com/about/policies-and-practices/farmer-income

13. Barry Parkin, Chief Procurement and Sustainability Officer, Mars. Retrieved from https://www.foodbev.com/news/mars-commits-to-sustainable-in-a-generation-strategy/

14. www.nescafe.com/gb/about-us/faqs/coffee-sourcing

15. https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/enhancing-livelihoods/inclusive-business/

16. A. Canning, 25 June 2020. https://fairworldproject.org

17. Kevin Robinovitch, Global Vice President for Sustainability, Mars. ‘Business action in and beyond supply chains: How public-private collaboration is driving landscape and jurisdictional impacts.‘ Webinar organised by Good Growth Partnership, 23 September 2020.

18. Jonathan Horrell, Global Director of Sustainability, Mondelēz, quoted in ‘Has Fairtrade passed its sell by date?‘ M. Scott, Reuters, 19 September 2017.

19. Fairtrade-Mondelez International partnership and Cocoa Life. Retrieved from https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/farmers-and-workers/cocoa/cocoa-life/

20. https://www.divinechocolate.com/news/forest-friendly-cocoa-from-sierra-leone

21. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30/contents/enacted

22. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/implementing-the-un-guiding-principles-on-business-and-human-rights-may-2020-update/uk-national-action-plan-on-implementing-the-un-guiding-principles-on-business-and-human-rights-progress-update-may-2020

23. https://www.fairtrade.net/news/fairtrade-supports-implementation-of-a-living-income-differential

24. Germany has taken the lead in support of EU sustainable procurement: ‘We need a supply chain law … Preferably yesterday’ (foodnavigator.com), 14 August 2020.

25. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leading-new-law-to-protect-rainforests-and-clean-up-supply-chains

26. E. Goldman, M.J. Weisse, N. Harris & M. Schneider, Estimating the role of seven commodities in agriculture-linked deforestation: Oil palm, soy, cattle, wood fiber, cocoa, coffee, and rubber. Technical Note. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 2020. Retrieved from www.wri.org/publication/estimating-the-role-of-sevencommodities-in-agriculture-linked-deforestation

27. J. Settele, S. Díaz, E. Brondizio & P. Daszak, ‘COVID-19 stimulus measures must save lives, protect livelihoods, and safeguard nature to reduce the risk of future pandemics.‘ Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Expert Guest Article, 27 April 2020. Retrieved from https://ipbes.net/sites/default/files/2020-04/COVID19%20Stimulus%20IPBES%20Guest%20Article_English.pdf

28. Oxfam International, Ripe for change: Ending human suffering in supermarket supply chains. Oxford: Oxfam GB, 2018.

29. Oxfam International, Workers' rights in supermarket supply chains. Oxford: Oxfam GB, 2019.

30. Quoted in John Vidal, ‘Move by UK supermarkets threatens to bring Fairtrade crashing down’, The Guardian, 25 June 2017. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jun/24/fairtrade-crashing-down-sainsburys-tesco-tea-growers-nairobi

31. Fairtrade foundation annual report 2019. Retrieved from https://stories.fairtrade.org.uk/annual-report-and-financial-statements-2019/index.html

32. Michael Gidney, Fairtrade Foundation, October 2018. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/fairtrade-sustainability-strategy-idUSL8N1WQ5EJ

33. Fairtrade International. Retrieved from https://www.fairtrade.net/news/its-global-goals-week-lets-come-together-to-drive-lasting-change

34. https://fairtrade-advocacy.org/what-we-do

35. https://www.globallivingwage.org/about/

36. https://www.living-income.com/

37. https://www.ethicalteapartnership.org/malawi-tea-2020/

38. Fairtrade International website. https://www.fairtrade.net/

39. ‘Is Fair Trade finished?‘, The Guardian, 23 July 2019. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/jul/23/fairtrade-ethical-certification-supermarkets-sainsburys

40. Mike Scott, ‘Has Fairtrade passed its sell by date?‘ Reuters, 19 September 2017. Retrieved from https://www.reutersevents.com/sustainability/has-fairtrade-passed-its-sell-date

41. G. Petrokofsky & S. Jennings, The effectiveness of standards in driving adoption of sustainability practices: A state of knowledge review. London: ISEAL Alliance, 2018.

42. Cocoa sustainable livelihoods landscape study: Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cocoa-Sustainable-Livelihoods-Landscape-Study.pdf

43. https://wfto.com/sites/default/files/2018_FTCharter_English_SCREEN.pdf