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      Power, politics and policing: how the pandemic has highlighted fractures and fault lines in our society

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            Abstract

            This paper considers the issues of policing in the pandemic and describes the relationship between the use of power within society with political systems and the ways in which police outcomes are achieved. The year 2020 created a unique opportunity to reflect upon the way policing systems are structured and how this affects the whole of society, and this paper looks at how the dynamics of race and oppression played into this. The risk for policing is that it fails to make use of its community assets to engage effectively with the community, and becomes reliant on the use of blunt tools and force. This paper concludes that the challenge for police leadership is defined by how society (and their forces) manage issues of fairness to reduce the amount of force and violence in society and ensure the state is there to protect all citizens.

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            Contributors
            Journal
            10.2307/j50018794
            jglobfaul
            Journal of Global Faultlines
            Pluto Journals
            2397-7825
            2054-2089
            1 May 2021
            : 8
            : 1 ( doiID: 10.13169/jglobfaul.8.issue-1 )
            : 100-113
            Affiliations
            Rod Jarman is President of the London Policing College and Lead for Police Education and Research at the University of West London. Rod was in the Metropolitan Police Service for over 32 years and has developed a huge amount of experience in frontline policing, developing leadership and learning. He has achieved considerable success in policing, with a focus on neighbourhood policing, critical incident management, crime prevention, leadership and learning. rod.jarman@ 123456lonpolcol.co.uk
            Article
            jglobfaul.8.1.0100
            10.13169/jglobfaul.8.1.0100
            3f236bf7-8415-43f3-9ea0-2c6ac8c03ad6
            This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

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            eng

            Social & Behavioral Sciences

            Notes

            1. Rod Jarman is President of the London Policing College and Lead for Police Education and Research at the University of West London. Rod was in the Metropolitan Police Service for over 32 years and has developed a huge amount of experience in frontline policing, developing leadership and learning. He has achieved considerable success in policing, with a focus on neighbourhood policing, critical incident management, crime prevention, leadership and learning. rod.jarman@123456lonpolcol.co.uk

            2. Raven, B. H. (1992). A power/interaction model of interpersonal influence: French and Raven thirty years later. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 7(2), 217–244. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1993-01370-001.

            3. Reference to Dominic Cummings' drive across England when ill to provide support to his family. See Coronavirus: How Dominic Cummings' trip to Durham damaged trust in the government | UK News | Sky News.

            4. Garland, D. (2002) The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. University of Chicago Press, US.

            5. Sky News (18th December 2020) Greater Manchester Police chief constable resigns after force placed into special measures: Manchester mayor Andy Burnham says the force has made ‘an unacceptable lack of progress’. https://news.sky.com/story/greater-manchester-police-chief-constable-resigns-after-force-placed-into-special-measures-12166616

            6. For instance, the call from UNICEF to take action – UNICEF calls for averting a lost generation as COVID-19 threatens to cause irreversible harm to children's education, nutrition and well-being or that in UK press such as the standard on 25th January 2021 https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/boris-johnson-schools-reopen-easter-february-half-term-b900969.html

            7. BBC Reith Lectures 2020, BBC Radio 4 – The Reith Lectures, 2020: Mark Carney – How We Get What We Value, From Moral to Market Sentiments.

            8. Halford, E., Dixon, A., Farrell, G., Malleson, N. and Tilley, N. (2020) Crime and coronavirus: social distancing, lockdown, and the mobility elasticity of crime. Crime Science, 9(11). Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://crimesciencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40163-020-00121-w.

            9. Ross, H. (2020) Crime in England and Wales: year ending September 2020. Office for National Statistics. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/bulletins/crimeinenglandandwales/yearendingseptember2020

            10. ONS (2021) Coronavirus and the latest indicators for the UK economy and society. Accessed 14/02/2021 from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases

            11. ONS (2021) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey, UK: 12 February 2021 https://www.ons.gov.uk/releases/coronaviruscovid19infectionsurveyuk12february2021.

            12. Harcourt, B. (1998) Reflecting on the subject: a critique of the social influence conception of deterrence, the Broken Windows Theory, and order-maintenance policing New York style. Michigan Law Review, 97(2), 291–389.

            13. Analysis from the Policing the Pandemic Conference held by the London Policing College with the International Police Association and University of West London.

            14. John Hopkins Coronavirus dashboard. Accessed from https://coronavirus-disasterresponse.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6

            15. Analysis from the Policing the Pandemic Conference held by the London Policing College with the International Police Association and University of West London.

            16. See The Guardian, ‘Peru: riot police block highway as people attempt to flee amid lockdown’. 20th April 2020. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/20/peru-riot-police-highway-teargas-coronavirus-lockdown

            17. Windsor, T. (2020) State of Policing: The Annual Assessment of Policing in England and Wales. HMICFRS London. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/publications/state-of-policing-the-annual-assessment-of-policing-in-england-and-wales-2019/

            18. Clements, J. (2020) ‘Policing the long crisis: an appraisal of the police response to COVID-19‘. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.crestadvisory.com/post/policing-the-long-crisis-an-appraisal-of-the-police-response-to-covid-19

            19. Office for National statistics, from deaths registered weekly in England and Wales, provisional. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsregisteredweeklyinenglandandwalesprovisional/weekending26february2021

            20. Chandler, N. (2021) Pay and Morale Survey 2020 – COVID-19 November 2020 Police Federation of England and Wales, UK. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.polfed.org/media/16525/pay-and-morale-covid-report.pdf

            21. Enbank, S. (2020) COVID-19 Insights: Impact on Staff and Priorities for Recovery. Skills for Justice, UK. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from C19-WF-Report-impact-on-staff-and-organisational-priorities.pdf (sfjuk.com)

            22. Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J. and Prussia, G. E. (2008). Employee coping with organizational change: an examination of alternative theoretical perspectives and models. Personnel Psychology, 61(1), 1–36. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.uwl.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/employee-coping-with-organizational-change/docview/220138485/se-2?accountid=14769.

            23. Office for National statistics (ONS) (2020) Coronavirus and crime in England and Wales: August 2020. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/bulletins/coronavirusandcrimeinenglandandwales/august2020

            24. Code Switch (2020) A Decade Of Watching Black People Die. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.npr.org/transcripts/865261916

            25. ONS (2021) Why have Black and South Asian people been hit hardest by COVID-19? Accessed on 14/02/2021 from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/whyhaveblackandsouthasianpeoplebeenhithardestbycovid19/2020-12-14

            26. Somerset County Gazette, 10th June 2020. PCC hopeful says Bristol statue protest was ‘wanton, unlawful destruction’. Accessed on 14/02/2021 from PCC hopeful says Bristol statue protest was ‘wanton, unlawful destruction’ | Somerset County Gazette

            27. See the Home Affairs Select Committee for details – The Macpherson Report: twenty-one years on – Committees – UK Parliament.

            28. Macpherson, W. (1999) The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. HMSO, London, UK.

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