Tanty feminisms :  The aesthetics of auntyhood, #Coolieween and the erotics of post-indenture

Persadie, Ryan

doi:10.13169/jofstudindentleg.2.1.0059

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Journal for the Study of Indentureship and its Legacies is published by Pluto Journals, an Open Access publisher. This means that everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles from our international collection of social science journals. Furthermore Pluto Journals authors don’t pay article processing charges (APCs).

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Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies

Volume 2, Issue 1

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Tanty feminisms : The aesthetics of auntyhood, #Coolieween and the erotics of post-indenture

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research-article

Author(s): Ryan Persadie

Publication date Pub: 08 July 2022

Journal: Journal of Indentureship and Its Legacies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: Caribbean feminisms, Indo-Caribbean feminisms, queer Caribbean, Caribbean diaspora, erotics, Caribbean indentureship, gendered and sexual violence, coolie, drag culture, aunty studies

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Abstract

A geneaology of Caribbean feminism is a geneaology of tanty feminisms. Occupying numerous articulations throughout the history of the Caribbean region and its diasporas, the figure of the ‘tanty’, or ‘aunty’ as they are known in non-Caribbean contexts, and the consequential amital social relations they produce have been indispensable to contemporary discourses and practices of Caribbean feminist thought and praxis. The tanty cannot be read as indebted to a singular person, figure or monolithic legacy but operates as a fluid and transnational force of Caribbean feminist knowing that instructs us through non-normative embodied transgressions, and pedagogies of free up. Yet, despite their presence of vital integrity to Caribbean popular culture, community organizing, history, politics and literature, discussions of the politics and pedagogies of tantyhood remain underrepresented in scholarly Caribbean feminist literatures.

In this article, I reflect upon my creative practice as a drag artist and self-proclaimed tanty in an annual digital photography series I have produced over the last three years entitled ‘Coolieween’. In this work, I reference Indo-/Caribbean folklore and mythologies, and stories of horror, the grotesque and the paranormal as entangled with queer affects, embodiments and aesthetics. Drag artistry, which, like tantyhood, agitates the invisible boundaries of neo-colonial gender, racial and sexual binaries, provides a critical feminist terrain to metaphorize the institutional crossings of pain and pleasure held within historical and contemporary ontologies of Indo-Caribbeanness. Investigating the pedagogy of this crossing is central to understanding, as well as critiquing, long-standing attachments of pain, injury, pathologization and trauma that have been commonly scripted to Indo-Caribbean subjectivities, often in reference to genealogies of kala pani poetics and other diaspora narratives that have sutured ideas of Indo-Caribbeanness as always-already broken, fragmented and dislocated. In this article, I instead centre paradigms of erotics and pleasure as a transformative medium to turn our optics towards transformative reconfigurations of Indo-Caribbean feminist selfhoods. As I argue here, by thinking with and through tanty feminisms, we are provided with intergenerational and transnational languages of unsettling logic that continually instruct us through everyday modalities of Indo-Caribbean feminist living and being.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169/jofstudindentleg

Title: Journal of Indentureship and Its Legacies

Abbreviated Title: JIL

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Electronic): 2634-2006

Publication date Pub: 08 July 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 2

Issue: 1

Pages: 59-97

Article

DOI: 10.13169/jofstudindentleg.2.1.0059

SO-VID: 61edefc8-8c56-42e1-b0ae-81a599be9520

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pages: 39

References

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Rhonda Cobham-Sander. 2020. ‘Amital Queer: Towards a Definition of the Aunty in Caribbean Literature’, Critical Aunty Studies Symposium. https://www.criticalauntystudies.com/03-keynote
Robin Cohen (ed.). 1997. ‘Victim Diasporas: Africans and Armenians’, in Global Diasporas: A Introduction (London: UCL Press), pp. 39–58.
Ariane Cruz. 2016. The Colour of Kink: Black Women, BDSM, and Pornography (New York: New York University Press).
Omi’soore DrydenSuzanne Lenon. 2015. Disrupting Queer Inclusion: Canadian Homonationalisms and the Politics of Belonging (Vancouver: UBC Press).
Jordache Ellapen. 2020. ‘The Brown Photo Album: An Archive of Feminist Futurity*’, Kronos, 46(1): 94–128.
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Nadia Ellis. 2011. ‘Out and Bad: Toward a Queer Performance Hermeneutic in Jamaican Dancehall.’ Small Axe, 15(2): 7–23.
Rosamund Elwin (ed.). 1997. Tongues on Fire: Caribbean Lesbian Lives and Stories (Toronto: Women’s Press).
David L. Eng 2001. Racial Castration: Managing Masculinity in Asian America (Durham: Duke University Press).
Lyndon Gill. 2018. Erotic Islands: Art and Activism in the Queer Caribbean (Durham: Duke University Press).
Lyndon Gill. 2012. ‘Chatting Back an Epidemic: Caribbean Gay Men, HIV/AIDS, the Uses of Erotic Subjectivity’, GLQ, 18(2–3): 277–295.
Tao Leigh Goffe. 2019. ‘Sugarwork: The Gastropoetics of Afro-Asia After the Plantation’, Asian Diasporic Visual Culures and the Americas, 5: 31–56.
Gayatri Gopinauth. 2018. Unruly Visions: The Aesthetic Practices of Queer Diaspora. Durham: Duke University Press.
Gabrielle HoseinLisa Outar (eds). 2016. Indo-Caribbean Feminist Thought: Genealogies, Thoughts, Enactments (New York: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 1–20.
Kyle Jackson. 2014. ‘The Construction of Black Jamaican Masculinity in a Neocolonial Imaginary: Canadian “Homohegemony” and the “Homophobic Other”’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 8: 209–234.
Moon-Ho Jung. 2006. Coolies and Cane: Race, Labour, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press).
Ananya Jahanara Kabir. 2020. ‘Beyond Creolite and Coolitude, the Indian on the Plantation: Recreolization in the Transoceanic Frame’, Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies, 4(2): 174–193.
Madhavi Kale. 1998. Fragments of Empire: Capital, Slavery, and Indian Indentured Labour Migration in the British Caribbean (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press).
Aaron Kamugisha. 2007. ‘The Coloniality of Citizenship in the Contemporary Anglophone Caribbean’, Race and Class, 49(2): 20–40.
Kamala Kempadoo. 2009. ‘Caribbean Sexuality: Mapping the Field’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 3: 1–24.
Aliyah Khan. 2018. ‘Protest and Punishment: Indo-Guyanese Women and Organized Labour’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 12: 269–298.
Aliyah Khan. 2016. ‘Voyages Across Indenture: From Ship Sister to Mannish Woman’, GLQ, 22(2): 249–280.
Lawrence La Fountain-Stokes. 2009. Queer Ricans: Cultures and Sexualities in the Diaspora (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
Latoya Lazarus. 2015. ‘Sexual Citizenship and Conservative Christian Mobilization in Jamaica’, Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies, 40(1): 109–149.
R. Anthony LewisRobert Carr. 2009. ‘Gender, Sexuality, and Exclusion: Sketching the Outlines of the Jamaican National Project’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 3: 1–22.
Sean Lokaisingh-Meighoo. 2000. ‘Jahaji Bhai: Notes on the Masculine Subject and Homoerotic Subtext of Indo-Caribbean Identity’, Small Axe, 7: 77–92.
Audre Lorde. 1984. ‘Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power’, in Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde (Boston: The Crossing Press), pp. 53–59.
Eithne LuibhéidLionel Cantú. 2005. Queer Migrations: Sexuality, U.S. Citizenship, and Border-Crossing (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
Vijay. Mishra 2007. The Literature of the Indian Diaspora (New York: Routledge).
Vijay Mishra. 1996. ‘The Diasporic Imaginary: Theorizing the Indian Diaspora*’, Textual Practice, 10(3): 421–447.
Nalini Mohabir. 2017. ‘Picturing an Afterlife of Indenture’, Small Axe, 21(2): 81–93.
Patricia Mohammed. 2012. ‘Changing Symbols of Indo-Caribbean Femininity’, Caribbean: Review of Gender Studies, 6: 1–16.
Patricia. Mohammed 2002. Gender Negotiations Among Indians in Trinidad, 1917–1947 (Hampshire and New York: Palgrave).
Prabhu P. Mohaptra 1995. ‘“Restoring the Family”: Wife Murders and the Making of a Sexual Contract for Indian Immigrant Labour in the British Caribbean Colonies, 1860–1920’, Studies in History, 11(2): 227–260.
David A. B. Murray 2009. ‘Homo Hauntings: Spectral Sexuality and the Good Citizen in Barbadian Media’, in David A. B. Murray (ed.), Homophobias: Lust and Loathing Across Time and Space (Durham: Duke University Press), pp. 157–172.
Melanie Newton. 2013. ‘Returns to a Native Land: Indigeneity and Decolonization in the Anglophone Caribbean’, Small Axe, 17(2): 108–122.
Tan Hoang Nguyen. 2014. A View from the Bottom: Asian American Masculinity and Sexual Representation (Durham: Duke University Press).
Tejaswini Niranjana. 2006. Mobilizing India: Women, Music, and Migration between India and Trinidad (Durham: Duke University Press).
Jillian Ollivierre. 2019. ‘(Un)Veiling “Tradition”: Fashioning Multifacted Orhni and Hijab Assemblages in Trinidad’, Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas, 5: 79–104.
Ryan Persadie. 2020. ‘“Meh Just Realize I’s Ah Coolie Bai”: Indo-Caribbean Masculinities, Chutney Genealogies, and Qoolie Subjectivities’, Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies, 4(2): 56–86.
Suzanne Persard. 2018. ‘Queering Chutney: Disrupting Heteronormative Paradigms of Indo-Caribbean Epistemology’, Journal of West Indian Literature, 26(1): 25–37.
Jasbir Puar. 2006. ‘Mapping US Homonormativities’, Gender, Place, and Culture, 13(1): 67–88.
Rafael L. Ramírez 1999. What It Means to be a Man: Reflections on Puerto Rican Masculinity (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press).
Rhoda Reddock. 2014. ‘The First Mrs. Garvey: Pan-Africanism and Feminism in the Early 20th Century British Colonial Caribbean’, Feminist Africa, 19: 58–74.
Tracy Robinson. 2013. ‘The Properties of Citizens: A Caribbean Grammar of Conjugal Categories’, Du Bois Review, 10(2): 425–446.
Juana Maria Rodriguez. 2011. ‘Queer Sociality and Other Sexual Fantasies’, GLQ, 17(2–3): 331–348.
Edward Said. 1978. Orientalism (New York: Penguin Books).
Darieck Scott. 2010. Extravagant Abjection: Blackness, Power, and Sexuality in the African American Literary Imagination (New York: New York University Press).
Verene A. Shepherd 2002. Maharani’s Misery: Narratives of a Passage from India to the Caribbean (Kingston, Jamaica: University of West Indies Press).
Kim TallBear. 2018. ‘Making Love and Relations Beyond Settler Sex and Family’, in Donna HarawayAdele E. Clarke (eds), Making Kin, Not Population (Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press), pp. 145–164.
Kim TallBear. 2016. ‘Disrupting Settlement, Sex, and Nature’, Public Lecture, Future Imaginary Lecture Series, Concordia University, October 14. http://indigenousfutures.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Kim_TallBear.pdf
Diana Taylor. 2003. The Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas (Durham: Duke University Press).
Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley. 2010. Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism Between Women in Caribbean Literature (Durham: Duke University Press).
Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley. 2008. ‘Black Atlantic, Queer Atlantic: Queer Imaginings of the Middle Passage’, GLQ, 14 (2–3): 191–215.
Steven. Vertovec 2000. The Hindu Diaspora (New York: Routledge).
Amar Wahab. 2019a. ‘(Re)tracing Queerness: Archiving Indentureships “Coolie Homo/erotic”’, Visual Studies, 34(4): 388–394.
Amar. Wahab 2019b. Disciplining Coolies: An Archival Footprint of Trinidad, 1846 (New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc).
Amar WahabDwayne Plaza. 2009. ‘Queerness in the Transnational Caribbean-Canadian Diaspora’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 3: 1–34.
Gloria Wekker. 2006. The Politics of Passion: Women’s Sexual Culture in the Afro-Surinamese Diaspora (New York: Colombia University Press).
Gloria Wekker. 1999. ‘“What’s Identity Got to Do With It?”: Rethinking Identity in Light of the Mati Work in Suriname’, in Evelyn BlackwoodSaskia E. Wieringa (eds), Female Desires: Sex–Sex Relations and Transgender Practices across Cultures (New York: Colombia University Press), pp. 119–138.
Lise Winer. 2009. Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad and Tobago: On Historical Principles (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press).
Mirelle Miller Young. 2014. A Taste for Brown Sugar: Black Women in Pornography (Durham: Duke University Press).

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Aliyyah Abdur-Rahman. 2012. Against the Closet: Black Political Longing and the Erotics of Race (Durham: Duke University Press).

[2] Vanessa Agard-Jones. 2012. ‘What the Sands Remember’, GLQ, 18(2–3): 325–346.

[3] Sara Ahmed. 2016. ‘Feminist Aunties’. February 12. https://feministkilljoys.com/2016/02/12/feminist-aunties/

[4] M. Jacqui Alexander. 2005. Pedagogies of Crossing: Meditations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory and the Sacred (Durham: Duke University Press).

[5] Jafari S. Allen 2011. Venceremos? The Erotics of Black Self-Making in Cuba (Durham: Duke University Press).

[6] Gaiutra Bahadur. 2014. Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

[7] Marlon M. Bailey 2016. ‘Black (Gay) Raw Sex’, in E. Patrick Johnson (ed.), No Tea, No Shade: New Writings in Black Queer Studies (Durham: Duke University Press), pp. 239–261.

[8] Bridget Brereton. 2010. ‘“All Ah We is Not One”: Historical and Ethnic Narratives in Pluralist Trinidad’, The Global South, 4(2): 218–238.

[9] Marina CarterKhal Torabully. 2002. Coolitude: An Anthology of the Indian Labour Diaspora (London: Anthem Press).

[10] Matthew Chin. 2019. ‘Tracing “Gay Liberation” through Postindependence Jamaica’, Public Culture, 31(2): 323–341.

[11] Rhonda Cobham-Sander. 2020. ‘Amital Queer: Towards a Definition of the Aunty in Caribbean Literature’, Critical Aunty Studies Symposium. https://www.criticalauntystudies.com/03-keynote

[12] Robin Cohen (ed.). 1997. ‘Victim Diasporas: Africans and Armenians’, in Global Diasporas: A Introduction (London: UCL Press), pp. 39–58.

[13] Ariane Cruz. 2016. The Colour of Kink: Black Women, BDSM, and Pornography (New York: New York University Press).

[14] Omi’soore DrydenSuzanne Lenon. 2015. Disrupting Queer Inclusion: Canadian Homonationalisms and the Politics of Belonging (Vancouver: UBC Press).

[15] Jordache Ellapen. 2020. ‘The Brown Photo Album: An Archive of Feminist Futurity*’, Kronos, 46(1): 94–128.

[16] Jordache Ellapen. 2018. ‘Queering the Archive: Brown Bodies in Ecstasy: Visual Assemblages, and the Pleasures of Transgressive Erotics’, S & F Online, 14(3). http://sfonline.barnard.edu/feminist-and-queer-afro-asian-formations/queering-the-archive-brown-bodies-in-ecstasy-visual-assemblages-and-the-pleasures-of-transgressive-erotics/2/

[17] Nadia Ellis. 2015. Territories of the Soul: Queered Belonging in the Black Diaspora (Durham: Duke University Press).

[18] Nadia Ellis. 2011. ‘Out and Bad: Toward a Queer Performance Hermeneutic in Jamaican Dancehall.’ Small Axe, 15(2): 7–23.

[19] Rosamund Elwin (ed.). 1997. Tongues on Fire: Caribbean Lesbian Lives and Stories (Toronto: Women’s Press).

[20] David L. Eng 2001. Racial Castration: Managing Masculinity in Asian America (Durham: Duke University Press).

[21] Lyndon Gill. 2018. Erotic Islands: Art and Activism in the Queer Caribbean (Durham: Duke University Press).

[22] Lyndon Gill. 2012. ‘Chatting Back an Epidemic: Caribbean Gay Men, HIV/AIDS, the Uses of Erotic Subjectivity’, GLQ, 18(2–3): 277–295.

[23] Tao Leigh Goffe. 2019. ‘Sugarwork: The Gastropoetics of Afro-Asia After the Plantation’, Asian Diasporic Visual Culures and the Americas, 5: 31–56.

[24] Gayatri Gopinauth. 2018. Unruly Visions: The Aesthetic Practices of Queer Diaspora. Durham: Duke University Press.

[25] Gabrielle HoseinLisa Outar (eds). 2016. Indo-Caribbean Feminist Thought: Genealogies, Thoughts, Enactments (New York: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 1–20.

[26] Kyle Jackson. 2014. ‘The Construction of Black Jamaican Masculinity in a Neocolonial Imaginary: Canadian “Homohegemony” and the “Homophobic Other”’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 8: 209–234.

[27] Moon-Ho Jung. 2006. Coolies and Cane: Race, Labour, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press).

[28] Ananya Jahanara Kabir. 2020. ‘Beyond Creolite and Coolitude, the Indian on the Plantation: Recreolization in the Transoceanic Frame’, Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies, 4(2): 174–193.

[29] Madhavi Kale. 1998. Fragments of Empire: Capital, Slavery, and Indian Indentured Labour Migration in the British Caribbean (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press).

[30] Aaron Kamugisha. 2007. ‘The Coloniality of Citizenship in the Contemporary Anglophone Caribbean’, Race and Class, 49(2): 20–40.

[31] Kamala Kempadoo. 2009. ‘Caribbean Sexuality: Mapping the Field’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 3: 1–24.

[32] Aliyah Khan. 2018. ‘Protest and Punishment: Indo-Guyanese Women and Organized Labour’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 12: 269–298.

[33] Aliyah Khan. 2016. ‘Voyages Across Indenture: From Ship Sister to Mannish Woman’, GLQ, 22(2): 249–280.

[34] Lawrence La Fountain-Stokes. 2009. Queer Ricans: Cultures and Sexualities in the Diaspora (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).

[35] Latoya Lazarus. 2015. ‘Sexual Citizenship and Conservative Christian Mobilization in Jamaica’, Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies, 40(1): 109–149.

[36] R. Anthony LewisRobert Carr. 2009. ‘Gender, Sexuality, and Exclusion: Sketching the Outlines of the Jamaican National Project’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 3: 1–22.

[37] Sean Lokaisingh-Meighoo. 2000. ‘Jahaji Bhai: Notes on the Masculine Subject and Homoerotic Subtext of Indo-Caribbean Identity’, Small Axe, 7: 77–92.

[38] Audre Lorde. 1984. ‘Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power’, in Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde (Boston: The Crossing Press), pp. 53–59.

[39] Eithne LuibhéidLionel Cantú. 2005. Queer Migrations: Sexuality, U.S. Citizenship, and Border-Crossing (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).

[40] Vijay. Mishra 2007. The Literature of the Indian Diaspora (New York: Routledge).

[41] Vijay Mishra. 1996. ‘The Diasporic Imaginary: Theorizing the Indian Diaspora*’, Textual Practice, 10(3): 421–447.

[42] Nalini Mohabir. 2017. ‘Picturing an Afterlife of Indenture’, Small Axe, 21(2): 81–93.

[43] Patricia Mohammed. 2012. ‘Changing Symbols of Indo-Caribbean Femininity’, Caribbean: Review of Gender Studies, 6: 1–16.

[44] Patricia. Mohammed 2002. Gender Negotiations Among Indians in Trinidad, 1917–1947 (Hampshire and New York: Palgrave).

[45] Prabhu P. Mohaptra 1995. ‘“Restoring the Family”: Wife Murders and the Making of a Sexual Contract for Indian Immigrant Labour in the British Caribbean Colonies, 1860–1920’, Studies in History, 11(2): 227–260.

[46] David A. B. Murray 2009. ‘Homo Hauntings: Spectral Sexuality and the Good Citizen in Barbadian Media’, in David A. B. Murray (ed.), Homophobias: Lust and Loathing Across Time and Space (Durham: Duke University Press), pp. 157–172.

[47] Melanie Newton. 2013. ‘Returns to a Native Land: Indigeneity and Decolonization in the Anglophone Caribbean’, Small Axe, 17(2): 108–122.

[48] Tan Hoang Nguyen. 2014. A View from the Bottom: Asian American Masculinity and Sexual Representation (Durham: Duke University Press).

[49] Tejaswini Niranjana. 2006. Mobilizing India: Women, Music, and Migration between India and Trinidad (Durham: Duke University Press).

[50] Jillian Ollivierre. 2019. ‘(Un)Veiling “Tradition”: Fashioning Multifacted Orhni and Hijab Assemblages in Trinidad’, Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas, 5: 79–104.

[51] Ryan Persadie. 2020. ‘“Meh Just Realize I’s Ah Coolie Bai”: Indo-Caribbean Masculinities, Chutney Genealogies, and Qoolie Subjectivities’, Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies, 4(2): 56–86.

[52] Suzanne Persard. 2018. ‘Queering Chutney: Disrupting Heteronormative Paradigms of Indo-Caribbean Epistemology’, Journal of West Indian Literature, 26(1): 25–37.

[53] Jasbir Puar. 2006. ‘Mapping US Homonormativities’, Gender, Place, and Culture, 13(1): 67–88.

[54] Rafael L. Ramírez 1999. What It Means to be a Man: Reflections on Puerto Rican Masculinity (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press).

[55] Rhoda Reddock. 2014. ‘The First Mrs. Garvey: Pan-Africanism and Feminism in the Early 20th Century British Colonial Caribbean’, Feminist Africa, 19: 58–74.

[56] Tracy Robinson. 2013. ‘The Properties of Citizens: A Caribbean Grammar of Conjugal Categories’, Du Bois Review, 10(2): 425–446.

[57] Juana Maria Rodriguez. 2011. ‘Queer Sociality and Other Sexual Fantasies’, GLQ, 17(2–3): 331–348.

[58] Edward Said. 1978. Orientalism (New York: Penguin Books).

[59] Darieck Scott. 2010. Extravagant Abjection: Blackness, Power, and Sexuality in the African American Literary Imagination (New York: New York University Press).

[60] Verene A. Shepherd 2002. Maharani’s Misery: Narratives of a Passage from India to the Caribbean (Kingston, Jamaica: University of West Indies Press).

[61] Kim TallBear. 2018. ‘Making Love and Relations Beyond Settler Sex and Family’, in Donna HarawayAdele E. Clarke (eds), Making Kin, Not Population (Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press), pp. 145–164.

[62] Kim TallBear. 2016. ‘Disrupting Settlement, Sex, and Nature’, Public Lecture, Future Imaginary Lecture Series, Concordia University, October 14. http://indigenousfutures.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Kim_TallBear.pdf

[63] Diana Taylor. 2003. The Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas (Durham: Duke University Press).

[64] Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley. 2010. Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism Between Women in Caribbean Literature (Durham: Duke University Press).

[65] Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley. 2008. ‘Black Atlantic, Queer Atlantic: Queer Imaginings of the Middle Passage’, GLQ, 14 (2–3): 191–215.

[66] Steven. Vertovec 2000. The Hindu Diaspora (New York: Routledge).

[67] Amar Wahab. 2019a. ‘(Re)tracing Queerness: Archiving Indentureships “Coolie Homo/erotic”’, Visual Studies, 34(4): 388–394.

[68] Amar. Wahab 2019b. Disciplining Coolies: An Archival Footprint of Trinidad, 1846 (New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc).

[69] Amar WahabDwayne Plaza. 2009. ‘Queerness in the Transnational Caribbean-Canadian Diaspora’, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, 3: 1–34.

[70] Gloria Wekker. 2006. The Politics of Passion: Women’s Sexual Culture in the Afro-Surinamese Diaspora (New York: Colombia University Press).

[71] Gloria Wekker. 1999. ‘“What’s Identity Got to Do With It?”: Rethinking Identity in Light of the Mati Work in Suriname’, in Evelyn BlackwoodSaskia E. Wieringa (eds), Female Desires: Sex–Sex Relations and Transgender Practices across Cultures (New York: Colombia University Press), pp. 119–138.

[72] Lise Winer. 2009. Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad and Tobago: On Historical Principles (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press).

[73] Mirelle Miller Young. 2014. A Taste for Brown Sugar: Black Women in Pornography (Durham: Duke University Press).